B12:HomeostasisInAction

Question 1

what is your body temperature controlled by

Answer 1

the thermoregulatory centre in the brain

Question 2

what does the thermoregulatory centre contain

Answer 2

receptors sensitive to the temperature of the blood

Question 3

what does the skin contain

Answer 3

temperature receptors to send nerve impulses to the thermoregulatory centre

Question 4

what happens if the body temperature is too high

Answer 4

blood vessels dilate and sweat is produced and both cause a transfer of energy from the skin to the environment

Question 5

the name for blood vessels dilating

Answer 5

vasodilation

Question 6

the name for blood vessels constricting

Answer 6

vasoconstriction

Question 7

what happens if the body temperature is too low

Answer 7

blood vessels constrict, and sweating stops, reducing the transfer of energy to the environment, skeletal muscles contract and the exothermic reactions of respiration needed for muscle contraction raise the temperature

Question 8

how does water leave the body

Answer 8

via the lungs and during exhalation

Question 9

what is lost through the skin in sweat

Answer 9

water, mineral ions and urea

Question 10

where is there no control of where water is lost

Answer 10

from the lungs

Question 11

how does urea leave the body

Answer 11

along with water and mineral ions from the kidneys in urine

Question 12

what happens if the body cells lose or gain too much water by osmosis

Answer 12

they won’t function efficiently

Question 13

what are the kidneys important for

Answer 13

excretion and homeostasis

Question 14

how does a healthy kidney produce urine

Answer 14

filtering the blood then reabsorbing all of the glucose and any mineral ions and water needed by your body

Question 15

what leaves the body in urine

Answer 15

excess mineral ions and water along with urea

Question 16

what hormone balanced the water level in the blood

Answer 16

ADH

Question 17

what does ADH do

Answer 17

changes the amount of water absorbed by the kidney tubules

Question 18

what is selective reabsorption

Answer 18

the absorption of what is needed by the body

Question 19

on a hot day if you drink little and exercise a lot what effect does this have on your urine

Answer 19

produce very little urine

Question 20

why do you produce little urine on a hot day

Answer 20

as you sweat a lot

Question 21

what colour will your urine be after a hot day

Answer 21

dark concentrated yellow

Question 22

on a cool day if you drink a lot and exercise a little what effect doe this have on your urine

Answer 22

produce a lot of urine

Question 23

what colour will your urine be on that cool day

Answer 23

dilute, almost colourless

Question 24

if your body is short of water what do your kidneys do

Answer 24

conserve it

Question 25

if your body is in excess of water what do your kidneys do

Answer 25

produce a lot of dilute urine

Question 26

how can kidneys get damaged

Answer 26

genetics or an accident

Question 27

methods of treating kidney failure

Answer 27

kidney dialysis, kidney transplants

Question 28

what does dialysis do

Answer 28

the function of the kidney is carried out artificially

Question 29

what does a transplant do

Answer 29

the failed kidneys can be replaced with a new one

Question 30

what happens in a dialysis machine

Answer 30

the concentration of dissolved substances in the blood is restored to normal levels

Question 31

advantages of dialysis

Answer 31

allows people to still live their lives

Question 32

disadvantages of dialysis

Answer 32

people spend a lot of their lives attached to a machine, they must also have a strict diet

Question 33

how can we try to stop rejection after a transplant

Answer 33

tissue types of the donor and recipient are matched as closely as possible, immunosuppressant drugs are also used

Question 34

advantages of dialysis over transplant

Answer 34

dialysis is more readily available, can still lead a normal life

Question 35

disadvantages of dialysis over transplant

Answer 35

special diet and regular sessions on the machine, dialysis can eventually cause serious damage to the body and is much more expensive

Question 36

advantages of transplant over dialysis

Answer 36

free from restrictions, eat what you want, normal life

Question 37

disadvantages of transplant over dialysis

Answer 37

rejection, immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of your life, regular check-ups, long wait time

Question 38

the main source of kidneys

Answer 38

from people who die suddenly