B11-hormonal Coordinatiom Flashcards
what is the endocrine system made up of
glands that secrete chemicals called hormones straight into the blood stream
Describe ADH and its role
Released by the pituitary gland (master gland) affects the amount of urine produced by the kidneys
difference between glucose, glycogen and glucagon
glucose- sugar used in respiration
glycogen-storage carbohydrate found in liver and muscles
glucagon-hormone that stimulated the liver to break down glycogen into glucose
describe the negative feedback control of glucose levels using insulin and glucagon
when blood glucose concentration falls below the ideal range the pancreas secretes GLUCAGON—->this makes your liver break stored glycogen back into glucose.
when the blood glucose concentration goes above average the pancreas releases insulin… glucose—>glycogen
describe the cause of type 1 diabetes
pancreas does not make enough insulin or any at all. therefore glucose concentrations can increase to dangerous levels
kidneys may even start secreting glucose in your urine
describe the cause of type 2 diabetes
linked to obesity the pancreas still makes insulin however body cells stop responding to it
How can type 1 diabetes be treated
replacement insulin before meals
you must also be carefull at the amount of carbohydrates you eat
curing type 1 diabetes
transplant a pancreas
transplant pancreatic cells
treating type 2 diabetes
eat a balanced diet with controlled amounts of carbos
describe the negative feedback loop of thyroxine
thyroid gland in your neck uses iodine from diet to produce thyroxine
this controls metabolic rate
also important in growth and development
if thyroxine levels fall too much it is detected by the brain which sends signals to the pituitary gland telling it to release TSH (thyroxine stimulating hormone)
FSH-follicle stimulating hormone role
causes an egg to mature in n ovary and stimulates ovaries to release oestrogen
role of oestrogen
Stops FSH being produced (so that only one egg matures in a cycle). Repairs, thickens and maintains the uterus lining. Stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH.
role of LH -luteinising hormone
triggers ovulation(release of mature egg)
role of progesterone
Maintains the lining of the uterus during the latter part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy
4 main hormones part of menstruation and their location in the body
pituitary gland
-FSH
-LH
Ovaries
-Oestrogen
-progesterone
what is the main male reproductive hormone
testosterone
what is the average length of the menstrual cycle
28 days
describe how contraceptives function
contains low doses of oestrogen and progesterone
oestrogen inhibits the releasing of FSH
also stops the lining of uterus from developing+ mucus in cervix to prevent sperm from swimming through
side effects of oral contraception
raised blood preassure, thrombosis and breast cancer
describe chemical contraceptive methods
spermicides which kill sperm they re not very available tho
describe barrier contraceptive methods
prevent sperm from reaching egg for example condoms
diaphragm
describe how intrauterine devices work as contraception
structures inserted by doctor into the uterus
last for 3-5 years
surgical methods of contraception
vasectomy-sperm ducts tied
what is it called when you do not perform intercorse
abstinence
describe the process of IVF- in vitro fertilisation
fertility drugs are used to make lots of eggs mature at the same time for collection
eggs are collected and placed in a special solution in a petri dish
a sample of semen is collected and the sperm and eggs are mixed in the petri dish
the eggs are checked to make sure they have been fertilised and the early embryos are developing properly
when the fertilised eggs have formed tiny balls of cells 1 or 2 of the embryos are placed in the womb of the mother.
disadvantages of fertility treatements
expensive
most always successful
chances of multiple pregnancies
ethical issues if mature eggs are wasted
