B11-hormonal Coordinatiom

Question 1

what is the endocrine system made up of

Answer 1

glands that secrete chemicals called hormones straight into the blood stream

Question 2

Describe ADH and its role

Answer 2

Released by the pituitary gland (master gland) affects the amount of urine produced by the kidneys

Question 3

difference between glucose, glycogen and glucagon

Answer 3

glucose- sugar used in respiration
glycogen-storage carbohydrate found in liver and muscles
glucagon-hormone that stimulated the liver to break down glycogen into glucose

Question 4

describe the negative feedback control of glucose levels using insulin and glucagon

Answer 4

when blood glucose concentration falls below the ideal range the pancreas secretes GLUCAGON—->this makes your liver break stored glycogen back into glucose.

when the blood glucose concentration goes above average the pancreas releases insulin… glucose—>glycogen

Question 5

describe the cause of type 1 diabetes

Answer 5

pancreas does not make enough insulin or any at all. therefore glucose concentrations can increase to dangerous levels

kidneys may even start secreting glucose in your urine

Question 6

describe the cause of type 2 diabetes

Answer 6

linked to obesity the pancreas still makes insulin however body cells stop responding to it

Question 7

How can type 1 diabetes be treated

Answer 7

replacement insulin before meals
you must also be carefull at the amount of carbohydrates you eat

Question 8

curing type 1 diabetes

Answer 8

transplant a pancreas
transplant pancreatic cells

Question 9

treating type 2 diabetes

Answer 9

eat a balanced diet with controlled amounts of carbos

Question 10

describe the negative feedback loop of thyroxine

Answer 10

thyroid gland in your neck uses iodine from diet to produce thyroxine
this controls metabolic rate
also important in growth and development
if thyroxine levels fall too much it is detected by the brain which sends signals to the pituitary gland telling it to release TSH (thyroxine stimulating hormone)

Question 11

FSH-follicle stimulating hormone role

Answer 11

causes an egg to mature in n ovary and stimulates ovaries to release oestrogen

Question 12

role of oestrogen

Answer 12

Stops FSH being produced (so that only one egg matures in a cycle). Repairs, thickens and maintains the uterus lining. Stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH.

Question 13

role of LH -luteinising hormone

Answer 13

triggers ovulation(release of mature egg)

Question 14

role of progesterone

Answer 14

Maintains the lining of the uterus during the latter part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy

Question 15

4 main hormones part of menstruation and their location in the body

Answer 15

pituitary gland
-FSH
-LH
Ovaries
-Oestrogen
-progesterone

Question 16

what is the main male reproductive hormone

Answer 16

testosterone

Question 17

what is the average length of the menstrual cycle

Answer 17

28 days

Question 18

describe how contraceptives function

Answer 18

contains low doses of oestrogen and progesterone

oestrogen inhibits the releasing of FSH

also stops the lining of uterus from developing+ mucus in cervix to prevent sperm from swimming through

Question 19

side effects of oral contraception

Answer 19

raised blood preassure, thrombosis and breast cancer

Question 20

describe chemical contraceptive methods

Answer 20

spermicides which kill sperm they re not very available tho

Question 21

describe barrier contraceptive methods

Answer 21

prevent sperm from reaching egg for example condoms
diaphragm

Question 22

describe how intrauterine devices work as contraception

Answer 22

structures inserted by doctor into the uterus
last for 3-5 years

Question 23

surgical methods of contraception

Answer 23

vasectomy-sperm ducts tied

Question 24

what is it called when you do not perform intercorse

Answer 24

abstinence

Question 25

describe the process of IVF- in vitro fertilisation

Answer 25

fertility drugs are used to make lots of eggs mature at the same time for collection
eggs are collected and placed in a special solution in a petri dish
a sample of semen is collected and the sperm and eggs are mixed in the petri dish
the eggs are checked to make sure they have been fertilised and the early embryos are developing properly
when the fertilised eggs have formed tiny balls of cells 1 or 2 of the embryos are placed in the womb of the mother.

Question 26

disadvantages of fertility treatements

Answer 26

expensive
most always successful
chances of multiple pregnancies
ethical issues if mature eggs are wasted