B.1.1 Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is carbon essential to the formation of life?

A

bcuz carbon can create 4 strong covalent bonds (single or combination with double bonds)

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2
Q

Condensation:
a) links monomers to form polymer?
b) links polymers to form monomer?
c) digests polymer to monomers?

A

a) links monomers to form polymer

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3
Q

Hyrdolysis:
a) digests polymer to monomera?
b) digests monomers to polymer?
c) links monomers to polymer?

A

a) digests polymer to monomers

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4
Q

Examples of Monosaccharides

A

glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose

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5
Q

Examples of Disaccharides

A

Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose

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6
Q

Examples of Polysaccharides

A

starch: glycogen, cellulose, chitin

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7
Q

The three groups of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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8
Q

The three groups of Lipids

A

Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroids

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9
Q

What is the monomer of Carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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10
Q

What are the monomers of Lipids?

A

phosphate groups, fatty acids, glycerol

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11
Q

Properties of glucose

A

-stability, because covalent
-high soluability, because polar
-easily transportable, because of soluability
-yields a lot of chem energy in oxidation reaction because of covalent bonds

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12
Q

carbohydrates endings

A

-ose

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13
Q

number of monomers in starches and sugars

A

sugar: mono- or di- saharide
starch: polysaharide (more than 10)

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14
Q

What are polysaccharides used for and why?

A

energy storage in plants(cellulose) and animals(glycogen)
because: insoluable since big; easy to remove (store energy elsewhere) or add a-glucose (to store more energy)

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15
Q

structure and function of cellulose

A

alternating orientation for b-glucose formind straight chains grouped and paralel with hydrogen bonds

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16
Q

role of glycoproteins

A

on the cell membrane;
1.they act as markers so that immune cells recognize them and attack foregn cells
2.receptors on cell membrane
3.chemical messengers (ligans)
4.structural integrity (help hold together)

17
Q

lipid properties
+ examples

A
  • dissolve in non-polar solvents (also non-polar)
  • rarely dissolve in (aq)
  • insulation
  • waterproof
18
Q

Phospholipid properties

A

-hydrophilic phosphate head
-amphipatic molecule
-selectively permiable: gases, hydrophobic molecules, and small polar uncharged molecules

19
Q

saturated fatty acids
(example)

A

NO double bond
solid RT
high melting point
(animal products)

20
Q

Triglycerides

A
  • hydrophobic macromolecule
  • glycerol +(Esther bond)+ 3 fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated)
21
Q

unsaturated fatty acids
(example)

A

double bond C:C
liquid RT
mono-saturated or poly-saturated
low melting point

CIS - isomer (natural)
H on the same side
(oil)
OR
TRANS - isomer (artificial)
H on different side
(margarine)

22
Q

Triglyceride function

A

long term energy storage
thermal insulator to body temp + habitat
(adipose)

23
Q

amphipatic

A

hydrophilic and hydrophobic
(head) (tails)

24
Q

Steroids

A

naturally occurring hormones
4 carbon based
non-polar, able to pass through membrane
strength, stability

25
Q

Glucose

A

C6H12O6