B.1.1 Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards
Why is carbon essential to the formation of life?
bcuz carbon can create 4 strong covalent bonds (single or combination with double bonds)
Condensation:
a) links monomers to form polymer?
b) links polymers to form monomer?
c) digests polymer to monomers?
a) links monomers to form polymer
Hyrdolysis:
a) digests polymer to monomera?
b) digests monomers to polymer?
c) links monomers to polymer?
a) digests polymer to monomers
Examples of Monosaccharides
glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose
Examples of Disaccharides
Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
Examples of Polysaccharides
starch: glycogen, cellulose, chitin
The three groups of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
The three groups of Lipids
Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroids
What is the monomer of Carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What are the monomers of Lipids?
phosphate groups, fatty acids, glycerol
Properties of glucose
-stability, because covalent
-high soluability, because polar
-easily transportable, because of soluability
-yields a lot of chem energy in oxidation reaction because of covalent bonds
carbohydrates endings
-ose
number of monomers in starches and sugars
sugar: mono- or di- saharide
starch: polysaharide (more than 10)
What are polysaccharides used for and why?
energy storage in plants(cellulose) and animals(glycogen)
because: insoluable since big; easy to remove (store energy elsewhere) or add a-glucose (to store more energy)
structure and function of cellulose
alternating orientation for b-glucose formind straight chains grouped and paralel with hydrogen bonds
role of glycoproteins
on the cell membrane;
1.they act as markers so that immune cells recognize them and attack foregn cells
2.receptors on cell membrane
3.chemical messengers (ligans)
4.structural integrity (help hold together)
lipid properties
+ examples
- dissolve in non-polar solvents (also non-polar)
- rarely dissolve in (aq)
- insulation
- waterproof
Phospholipid properties
-hydrophilic phosphate head
-amphipatic molecule
-selectively permiable: gases, hydrophobic molecules, and small polar uncharged molecules
saturated fatty acids
(example)
NO double bond
solid RT
high melting point
(animal products)
Triglycerides
- hydrophobic macromolecule
- glycerol +(Esther bond)+ 3 fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated)
unsaturated fatty acids
(example)
double bond C:C
liquid RT
mono-saturated or poly-saturated
low melting point
CIS - isomer (natural)
H on the same side
(oil)
OR
TRANS - isomer (artificial)
H on different side
(margarine)
Triglyceride function
long term energy storage
thermal insulator to body temp + habitat
(adipose)
amphipatic
hydrophilic and hydrophobic
(head) (tails)
Steroids
naturally occurring hormones
4 carbon based
non-polar, able to pass through membrane
strength, stability
Glucose
C6H12O6
