B1 specific blockers

Question 1

reduced side effects of B1 selective blocker

Answer 1

no B2 blockage:

1. reduced risk of hypoglycemia as they don’t block glycogenolysis
2. better exercise tolerance because they don’t block the dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle

Question 2

B1 selective blocker that can cause T2DM

Answer 2

atenolol

Question 3

B1 selective blockers (2) that aren’t atenolol but were grouped with it idk

Answer 3

metoprolol

bisoprolol

Question 4

B1 selective blockers: COPD and asthma

Answer 4

COPD: proceed with caution
Asthma: still no, drug of last choice

Question 5

drug that is less likely than timolol to cause bronchoconstriction in the tx of glaucoma

Answer 5

betaxolol

Question 6

beta blocker which also produces dilation by increasing NO release

Answer 6

nebivolol

Question 7

the most selective B1 drug

Answer 7

nebivolol

Question 8

advantages to nebivolol

Answer 8

1. lower BP without depressing left ventricular function

2. decreases central aortic pressure better

Question 9

B1 specific antagonist with short duration of action, like less than 20 mins

Answer 9

esmolol, gotta give it IV

Question 10

why esmolol so short acting

Answer 10

hydrolyzed by esterases in RBC

Question 11

who esmolol is useful for

Answer 11

continuous IV drip in a pt who you might want to remove the beta blocker effect rapidly: CHF, bradycardia, hypotension

Question 12

intrinsic sympathetic activity (ISA) means

Answer 12

partial agonists

Question 13

selective B1 antagonists with intrinsic activity

Answer 13

acebutolol

Question 14

drugs with ISA are thought to

Answer 14

produce less bradycardia, affect glucose/lipids less

Question 15

B blockers with ISA treat

Answer 15

angina, htn

Question 16

beta blocker with ISA and no other info

Answer 16

pindolol

Question 17

less likelihood of systemic affects when treating glaucoma beta blocker with ISA

Answer 17

carteolol

Question 18

labetolol blocks

Answer 18

B1, B2, some a1

Question 19

labetolol/carvedilol effects

Answer 19

a1 decreases BP

B1 prevents increases in HR, less tachycardia than a1 blockage alone

Question 20

hypertensive emergency drug

Answer 20

labetolol

Question 21

carvedilol blocks

Answer 21

non-selective beta and a1

Question 22

carvedilol treats

Answer 22

htn (w/o causing tachycardia)

improved mortality CHF

Question 23

why does carvedilol help CHF

Answer 23

decreases free radicals and inhibits vascular smooth muscle mitogenesis

???

Question 24

2 a2 agonists for glaucoma

Answer 24

apraclonidine

brimonidine

Question 25

guanethidine MOA

Answer 25

inhibits release of NE from presynaptic nerve terminals, replaces NE, causing it to be depleted —> complete loss of sympathetic activity

Question 26

drugs that prevent guanethidine from working

Answer 26

cocaine

tricyclic antidepressants

Question 27

reserpine MOA

Answer 27

interferes with uptake and storage of biogenic amines in nerve terminals —> depletes NE, DA, serotonin. similar effects to methyldopa

Question 28

metyrosine MOA

Answer 28

tryosine analogue blocks tyrosine hydroxylase (rate limiting step) —> no DA, Epi, NE

Question 29

metyrosine is used to treat

Answer 29

pheochromocytoma in combo with phenoxybenzamine