Alpha agonists

Question 1

a1 selective agonist

Answer 1

phenylephrine

Question 2

uses for phenylephrine

Answer 2

1. hypotensive emergency to raise BP
2. decongestant
3. mydriasis for eye exams (topical)

Question 3

bad side effect of prolonged phenylephrine use

Answer 3

ischemic changes in mucous membranes

also rebound congenstion but who cares

Question 4

who shouldn’t use phenylephrine or pseudophenylephrine

Answer 4

HTN

Question 5

alpha agonist used as an OTC decongestant similar to phenylephrine

Answer 5

pseudoephedrine

Question 6

pseudophed can be used to make

Answer 6

methhhhh

this is why I can’t buy it at the pharmacy w/o giving my ID

Question 7

alpha agonist used topically as a nasal spray

Answer 7

oxymetazoline

Question 8

why does a rebound congestion effect occur with oxymetazoline (+/- phenylephrine)

Answer 8

alpha receptors down regulate

Question 9

alpha agonists used topically to vasoconstrict the eye to reduce redness

Answer 9

tetrahydrozoline

naphazoline

Question 10

contraindications of direct alpha agonists

Answer 10

narrow angle glaucoma

htn

Question 11

oral prodrug alpha agonist used to treat orthostatic hypotension

Answer 11

midodrine

Question 12

selective a2 agonist which acts on the brain

Answer 12

clonidine

Question 13

clonidine produces ______ by acting on a2 autoreceptors in the CNS

Answer 13

CNS depression (autoreceptors decrease release of NE and other transmitters)
causing overall reduced sympathetic output to the periphery

Question 14

clonidine causes ______ BP

Answer 14

decreased

reduced sympathetic output

Question 15

clonidine is given

Answer 15

oral

transdermal patch

Question 16

side effects of clonidine

Answer 16

dry mouth (blocked a1?)
sedation (CNS)
sexual dysfunction in males (blocked a1?)

Question 17

transdermal clonidine patch treats

Answer 17

hot flashes in menopause

Question 18

clonidine uses

Answer 18

1. hypertension
2. craving/withdrawal in addicts
3. pre-anesthetic to cause sedation, dry secretions, decrease amount of anesthetic required

Question 19

transdermal clonidine patch caution

Answer 19

getting the patch too hot bc it’ll release too much

Question 20

if clonidine is withdrawn too abruptly

Answer 20

HTN

Question 21

a2 agonist similar to clonidine

Answer 21

methyldopa

Question 22

used to reduce intraocular pressure by a2 mediated vasoconstriction

Answer 22

apraclondine

Question 23

selective a2 adrenoceptor with centrally mediated sympatholytic, sedative, and analgesic effects

Answer 23

dexmedetomidine

Question 24

a2 agonist with less effect on BP than clonidine used to reduced muscle spasticity

Answer 24

tizanidine