B1 - Keeping Healthy Flashcards
What do carbohydrates, fat and protein do for the body?
Release energy and build up cells
What is metabolic rate and what factors effect it?
The rate of chemical reactions in the cells in the body
Age, muscle:fat, inheritance, gender
What’s the difference between LDLs and HDLs
HDL : good :) helps with cell membrane, makes vital substances
LDL : bad :( lead to heart disease
What are pathogens
Micro organisms that cause infectious diseases such as fungi, bacteria or virus
Why do bacteria and viruses make you feel ill
They produce toxins and viruses reproduce inside the cell and damage then which make you feel ill
Who discovered that hands needed to be washed to stop infection
Semmelweiss
Name 3 ways pathogens are prevented from entering the body
Mucus
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Skin
Name the three ways white blood cells protect the body from illness
They ingest pathogens
Produce antitoxins to counteract the toxins
Produce antibodies
What are antibiotics and who discovered them?
Kill bacteria
Discovered by Alexander Flemming in 1928
Don’t kill viruses because it would also damage the cell
Penicillin is an example
How to grow a bacterium culture
1) use agar jelly
2) provide warmth and oxygen
3) keep incubated at 25 degrees or 35 degrees
Prior: kill all the bacteria by sterilising through a flame, seal around to prevent bacteria getting in but not all the way
When pathogens mutate what can happen
Very few people are immune to these changed pathogens so disease can spread quickly.
Give an example of a anti-biotic resistant bacteria
MRSA
Evolved through natural selection
Because doctors give antibiotics out over generously, the pathogens become immune
What is an injection
Dead or inactive form of a pathogen make a vaccine
The white blood cells react by producing antibodies
Some remain as memory cells
So if the pathogen ever re-enters the body the white blood cells produce antibodies quicker
What’s epidemic and what’s pandemic
E - national
P - international
