b1 chromosomes and mitosis Flashcards
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What is the function of chromosomes during cell division?
Chromosomes ensure that DNA is accurately copied and distributed in daughter cells.
True or False: Chromosomes are only visible during cell division.
True.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
What are the main stages of mitosis?
The main stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Fill in the blank: The phase of mitosis where chromosomes align at the equatorial plane is called __________.
metaphase.
Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?
Anaphase.
What happens during prophase?
During prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.
What is the role of spindle fibers in mitosis?
Spindle fibers help to pull apart the chromosomes during cell division.
True or False: Mitosis results in genetically identical cells.
True.
What is the significance of the cell cycle?
The cell cycle regulates the process of cell growth and division.
Fill in the blank: The phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for mitosis is called __________.
interphase.
What occurs during interphase?
During interphase, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis.
What is cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a phase of mitosis? A) Prophase B) Anaphase C) Cytokinesis D) Metaphase
C) Cytokinesis
True or False: Each chromosome is made up of two sister chromatids before mitosis begins.
True.
What is the term for the location where two sister chromatids are joined?
Centromere.
Fill in the blank: The process of cell division that results in gametes is called __________.
meiosis.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that are similar in shape and size.
What is chromatin?
Chromatin is the material that makes up chromosomes, consisting of DNA and proteins.
True or False: Somatic cells undergo mitosis.
True.
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
The G1 phase is the first gap phase, where the cell grows and synthesizes proteins.
What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
Checkpoints monitor and regulate the progression of the cell cycle to ensure proper division.
