B1 cell structure

Question 1

structure: cell membrane

Answer 1

Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Question 2

function: cell membrane

Answer 2

Controls movement in and out of the cell, providing protection and communication.

Question 3

structure: cell wall

Answer 3

Rigid outer layer (in plants, fungi, bacteria), made of cellulose in plants.

Question 4

function: cell wall

Answer 4

Provides structural support and protection.

Question 5

structure: chloroplast

Answer 5

Contains chlorophyll, has a double membrane with internal thylakoids.

Question 6

function: chloroplast

Answer 6

Site of photosynthesis, converts sunlight into chemical energy.

Question 7

structure: cytoskeleton

Answer 7

Network of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.

Question 8

function: cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Provides shape, support, and movement within the cell.

Question 9

structure: cytoplasm

Answer 9

Gel-like substance inside the cell

Question 10

function: cytoplasm

Answer 10

Site of metabolic reactions, suspends organelles.

Question 11

structure: golgi body

Answer 11

Stacked, flattened membranes (saccuoles)

Question 12

function: golgi body

Answer 12

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Question 13

Structure: Lysosomes

Answer 13

Membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes.

Question 14

Function: Lysosomes

Answer 14

Breaks down waste, old cell parts, and pathogens.

Question 15

Structure: Mitochondria

Answer 15

Double membrane, inner membrane folds into cristae, inside is the matrix.

Question 16

Function: Mitochondria

Answer 16

Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Question 17

Structure: Cristae

Answer 17

Folds of the inner membrane. (mitochondria)

Question 18

Function: Cristae

Answer 18

Increases surface area for ATP production. (mitochondria)

Question 19

Structure: Matrix

Answer 19

Space inside the inner membrane.

Question 20

Function: Matrix

Answer 20

Contains enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes for ATP synthesis.

Question 21

Structure: Nucleus

Answer 21

Enclosed by the nuclear envelope.

Question 22

Function: Nucleus

Answer 22

Control center, contains genetic material (DNA).

Question 23

Structure: Nuclear Envelope

Answer 23

Double membrane around the nucleus.

Question 24

Function: Nuclear Envelope

Answer 24

Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Question 25

Structure: Nuclear Pore

Answer 25

Openings in the nuclear envelope.

Question 26

Function: Nuclear Pore

Answer 26

Allows passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 27

Structure: Nucleolus

Answer 27

Dense region inside the nucleus.

Question 28

Function: Nucleolus

Answer 28

Produces rRNA and assembles ribosomes.

Question 29

Structure: Chromatin

Answer 29

DNA-protein complex, less condensed form.

Question 30

Function: Chromatin

Answer 30

Condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Question 31

Structure: Chromosomes

Answer 31

Tightly packed DNA-protein structure.

Question 32

Function: Chromosomes

Answer 32

Carries genetic information during cell division.

Question 33

Structure: Ribosomes

Answer 33

Composed of rRNA and protein, free or attached to rough ER.

Question 34

Function: Ribosomes

Answer 34

Synthesizes proteins.

Question 35

Structure: Polysomes (Polyribosomes)

Answer 35

Multiple ribosomes reading the same mRNA strand.

Question 36

Function: Polysomes

Answer 36

Simultaneous protein synthesis.

Question 37

Structure: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

Answer 37

Has ribosomes attached.

Question 38

Function: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 38

Synthesizes and folds proteins for the membrane or export.

Question 39

Structure: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Answer 39

Lacks ribosomes.

Question 40

Function: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 40

Synthesizes lipids, detoxifies substances, stores calcium.

Question 41

Structure: Vesicles

Answer 41

Small membrane-bound sacs.

Question 42

Function: Vesicles

Answer 42

Transport materials within the cell and to the membrane.

Question 43

Structure: Vacuoles

Answer 43

Large membrane-bound sacs, mainly in plant cells.

Question 44

Function: Vacuoles

Answer 44

Store water, nutrients, and waste.

Question 45

balanced chemical equation = cellular respiration

Answer 45

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP

Question 46

Structure: Thylakoids

Answer 46

Membrane-bound sacs that are stacked into grana.

Question 47

Structure: Grana

Answer 47

Stacks of thylakoids within the chloroplast.

Question 48

Structure: Stroma

Answer 48

Fluid-filled space surrounding the grana.

Question 49

Structure: Chlorophyll

Answer 49

Pigment found within thylakoid membranes.