B1: Cell biology (triple)

Question 1

What are Prokaryotes?

Answer 1

Single called organism made up of one prokaryotic cell.

Question 2

What is an Eukaryote?

Answer 2

Organisms that are made up of multiple eukaryotic cells.

Question 3

List the organelles in an animal cell.

Answer 3

Nucleus 
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria 
Ribosomes

Question 4

What is the function of CYTOPLASM?

Answer 4

To contain enzymes and so that chemical reactions can happen.

Question 5

What is the the function of MITOCHONDRIA?

Answer 5

Where the reactions for aerobic respiration take place to transform energy into a useful store for the cell.

Question 6

What is the function of RIBOSOMES?

Answer 6

To make proteins.

Question 7

List the organelles in a plant cell.

Answer 7

All of animal cell organelles
Cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 8

What is the function of the PERMANENT VACUOLE?

Answer 8

Contains cell sap which is a weak solution of of sugars and salts.

Question 9

What is the function of CHLOROPLASTS?

Answer 9

Where photosynthesis occurs.

Question 10

List the organelles in a bacterial cell.

Answer 10

Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm 
Single strand of DNA
Plasmids

Question 11

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 11

Magnification = image size / real size

Question 12

How are sperm cells specialised?

Answer 12

Long tail
Streamlined head
Lots of mitochondria
Enzymes in the head

Question 13

What are the specialisations of a nerve cell?

Answer 13

Long

Branched connections

Question 14

What are the specialisations of a muscle cell?

Answer 14

Long

Lots of mitochondria

Question 15

What are the specialisations of root hair cells?

Answer 15

Long hairs

Question 16

What are the specialisations of phloem and xylem cells?

Answer 16

Long

Hollow or have due organelles

Question 17

Describe mitosis in 5 steps.

Answer 17

1. Numbers of sub-cellular structures increase
2. DNA duplicates and form X-shaped chromosomes, each arm of the chromosome is an exact duplicate of the the other
3. Cell fibres pull chromosome arms apart. These arms go to opposite ends of the cell
4. Membranes from around the sets of chromosomes becoming nuclei
5. Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

Question 18

What are stem cells?

Answer 18

An undifferentiated cell that can differentiate into different types of cell.

Question 19

Define diffusion.

Answer 19

Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from and area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 20

Define osmosis.

Answer 20

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 21

Define active transport.

Answer 21

The movement of a substance up a concentration gradient using energy.

Question 22

Describe Binary fission in 4 steps.

Answer 22

1. circular strands of DNA and plasmids replicate.
2. the cell gets bigger and the DNA strands move to opposite sides of the cell.
3. the cytoplasm begins to dived and a new cell wall starts to form.
4. the cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced.