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GCSE AQA- Biology > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bacterial cells are examples off…

A

the bacterial cell is an example of prokaryotic cells

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2
Q

What does a prokaryotic cell contain?

A

the prokaryotic cell contains
cytoplasm
Cell membrane
cell wall

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3
Q

Use of a magnitude

A

the use of magnification is used to give the idea of how big or small something is

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4
Q

How to find the difference in magnitude

A

Find the differences in magnitudes find the difference (-) the powers of 10

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5
Q

what does an Animal cell contain

5

A

Animal cell contains

  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
  • cell membrane
  • motrochondria
  • ribosomes
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6
Q

What does a plant cell contain

5

A

plant cell contains:

  • nucleus
  • cell wall
  • vacuole
  • chloroplast
  • cytoplasm
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7
Q

what does a Nucleus do?

A

the nucleus contains all the genetic material and controls the activities

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8
Q

what does a cytoplasm do?

A

The cytoplasm is where all the chemical reaction takes place and is like a jelly substance

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9
Q

what does a cell membrane do?

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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10
Q

what do the mitochondria do?

A

Mitochondria is where aerobic respiration takes place

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11
Q

What do the Ribosomes do?

A

Ribosomes are where protein synthesis place

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12
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

The cell wall provides structure and is made of cellulose

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13
Q

what does the chloroplast do?

A

The chloroplast is a green substance that absorbs light for photosynthesis

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14
Q

what does the vacuole do?

A

the vacuole is made of cell sap and gives support

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15
Q

An electron microscope has a…

A

electron microscope has a higher magnification and travels in power

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16
Q

The benefit of using an electron microscope?

A

able to study in much detail (cells has a finer detail )

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17
Q

the disadvantage of electron microscope

A

the disadvantage of an electron microscope is that it’s more expensive

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18
Q

How to work out the MAGNIFICATION

A

Size of Magnification=
size of an image (dived) size of real obj
[image/ real]

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19
Q

When does the animal cell develope

A

animal cell develops at the early stages

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20
Q

why is the cell division restricted in a mature animal cell?

A

a mature animal cell is mainly restricted to repair and replace

21
Q

when does a plant cell differentiate?

A

a plant cell differentiates throughout life

22
Q

How often does cell division (binary fission) take place

A

cell division (binary fission) occurs every 20 minutes depending on the nutrients and temperature

23
Q

to grow an uncontaminated sample of bacterial its necessary to work ____

A

to grow an uncontaminated sample work
aseptically
- in a lab and free of pathogens

24
Q

what must be done when carrying out an uncontaminated sample?

A

make sure…

  • petri dish= sterilised (free from bacteria)
  • sterilised through a flame
  • the lid of the petri dish to be opened as little as possible
  • stored upside down
25
Q

How to calculate the number of bacteria over a certain time

A

work out many times the bacteria has divided

1) multiply the starting number by 2
2) then multiply that number by 2 and so on
- x2 as many times the bacteria divided

26
Q

is stem cell…

differentiated or undifferentiated?

A

stems cells are undifferentiated

27
Q

where are stem cells from?

A

stem cells are from human embryos and can be cloned into most different human cells

28
Q

where can Meristem tissue be found? and where does it differentiate?

A

Meristem tissue are in plant cell and can be differentiated in any plant cell

29
Q

what are the potential risks of stem cells

A

stem cells have risks of transferring viral infections and people have ethical/ religious rejections.

30
Q

stem cells can be used to produce clones quickly, what are the benefits?

A

prevent the extinction of plants and can produce large numbers of identical plants at once

31
Q

name 2 gases that are exchanged in a leaf

A

Water, oxygen or carbon dioxide is exchanged in a leaf

32
Q

What is the function of the alveoli

A

The function of the alveoli is for rapid transfer of blood and the REMOVAL of the carbon dioxide

33
Q

what plant cell is used to absorb water from the soil?

A

root hair cell is used to absorb water from minerals

34
Q

What is the function of xylem?

A

The function of xylem is to transport water into the plant

35
Q

what is the function of the nerve cell?

A

The function of the nerve cell is to carry around electrical impulse from one part of the body to another

36
Q

are chromosomes normally found in pair or triplets?

A

Chromosomes are found in pairs ( one from the mother and one from the father)

37
Q

what is mitosis? what is it used for?

A

mitosis is the stage when the cells divide

it’s used to grow or replace damaged cells

38
Q

What is meant by the “mean division time” of a bacterial cell

A

Mean of division= the average time for a cell to divide into 2

39
Q

what does a stem cell have the ability to do?

A

A stem cell has the ability to become a different type of cell

40
Q

Name a gas molecule that can diffuse through the cell membrane?

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse through a cell membrane

41
Q

osmosis is a…

a) fully permeable membrane
b) partially permeable membrane

A

Osmosis is a partially/semipermeable membrane

42
Q

What is active transport?

A

Active transport is the movement between a substance from a Lower to a HIGHER concentration using energy from respiration

43
Q

Difference between ACTIVE TRANSPORT and OSMOSIS

A

A difference between active transport and osmosis is that…
- Active transport needs energy
- osmosis needs water
ACTIVE transport travels from a LOWER to a HIGHER concentration
OSMOSIS travels from a HIGHER to LOWER concentration

44
Q

What do fungi have?

6

A

Fungis has a

the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes and vacuole

45
Q

what does yeast cell contain?

4

A

Yeast cell contains

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and a cell wall

46
Q

Name 3 specialised cells

A

specialised cells:
Red blood cell - carries oxygen to blood tissue
Phloem cell - Transportation of sugar
Xylem cell - Transportation of water and minerals

47
Q

What substances pass through cell membranes via diffusion?

5/6

A

The substance that passes through the cell membranes using diffusion is…
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, amino acids, water and nutrients

48
Q

Cell division is another word for ——

A

Binary fission

GCSE AQA- Biology (8 decks)

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