B1: 5 Flashcards
What are some of the barriers the body has to stop the entrance of pathogens?
Skin, Stomach acid, Mucus in air waves, Tears, blood clotting
What are the two types of white blood cells?
Phagocytes and lymphocytes.
What do phagocytes do?
They engulf the pathogens
What do lymphocytes do?
They produce antibodies or antitoxins
What are antibodies?
They are proteins. Each type of antibody can destroy a particular type of bacterium or virus
What do each type of pathogens have
Antigens and this is a particular type of bacterium or virus
How do each antibody destroy a particular type of bacteria or virus?
Each type of antibody has a particular shape and can interlock onto a particular antigen. Your immune system makes the right sort of antibodies to lock into the antigens of a articular pathogen. Once the pathogen is coated with antibodies, the white blood cells can ingest and kill the pathogens
What is immunity?
It is once you have recovered form an infection, your body makes antibodies so quickly that the pathogen is destroyed before you feel ill
What does immunisation do?
It makes people immune to a disease, without them catching it
How does immunisation work?
A small/dead/inactivated amount of pathogen is introduced in the body, usually as a vaccination and these still have antigens in their surface. Therefore some of the white blood cells recognises these antigens and respond by making antibodies. If ever the live pathogens enters in the body, then the antibodies will regognise them by making antigens and it will b destroyed before you fell ill
Why do mutations affect vaccines?
Viruses mutate often and causes them to have a slightly different structure. Therefore you body will not recognise these and it will make you ill
How often are new vaccines made?
It is made every year as different strains of flu are likely to infect people
What is an epidemic?
A disease that spreads across countries
What is a pandemic?
It is a disease that spreads across continents
What is active immunity?
It is when your body makes its own antibodies after getting an infection or a vaccination
