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Biology > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

0
Q

How can you measure you fitness levels?

A 
Stamina
Flexibility
Agility
Speed
Cardiovascular efficiency
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1
Q

What is physical fitness?

A

The ability to do physical activity

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2
Q

That is good health?

A

Being free from disease

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3
Q

What is a disease

A

A condition caused by any part of the body not functioning properly

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4
Q

What increases the chances of getting heart disease?

A

High blood pressure
Smoking
Too much saturated fat
Eating too much salt

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5
Q

What is the systolic pressure?

A

The pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts

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6
Q

What is the diastolic pressure?

A

The pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes

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7
Q

What can increase the resting blood pressure?

A 
Smoking
Eating too much salt
Being overweight
Stress
Too much alcohol regularly
Lots of saturated fats
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8
Q

If high blood pressure when resting then…

A

Heart attack
Stroke
Suffer from kidney damage

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9
Q

How does smoking increase the blood pressure?

A

Tobacco contains carbon monoxide and nicotine

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10
Q

What does carbon monoxide do?

A

It combines with the haemoglobin in the red blood cells and prevents them from carrying that much oxygen. This means that the heart needs to beat faster to compensate and puts an strain on the heart.

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11
Q

What does nicotine do?

A

It increases the heart rate

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12
Q

How does saturated fat increase the blood pressure?

A

Liver makes cholesterol
Carried into blood and deposited into artery walls
Narrows arteries and restricts blood flow. Increases blood pressure as blood forces trough narrower gap

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13
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A diet that contains the right amounts of different foods and right amounts of energy to keep healthy

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14
Q

What nutrients that do not provide energy does it include?

A

Water
Minerals
Fibre
Vitamins

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15
Q

Why do you need carbohydrates and where are they stored?

A

Needed for energy stored as glycogen as liver or converted to fat.

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16
Q

Why is proteins needed?

A

For growth and repair

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17
Q

Why is iron needed?

A

To make haemoglobin

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18
Q

Why is vitamin c needed?

A

To prevent scurvy

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19
Q

What is fibre needed?

A

To prevent constipation

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20
Q

Why do you need water?

A

To prevent dehydration

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21
Q

A balanced diet may vary with…

A

Age
Gender
Religion
Medical reasons

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22
Q

What is EAR needed for?

A

Calculating how much protein is needed per day

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23
Q

Why would people not get enough protein in developing countries?

A

Overpopulation
Limited investment in agricultural techniques
Eating more protein from plants than animals

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24
Q

What is the deficiency disease that children would get if they do not have enough protein?

A

Kwashiorkor

25
Q

Why may people eat too little in developed countries?

A

Low self esteem
Poor self image
Looking better if thin

26
Q

What is BMI for?

A

To calculate whether you have a healthy weight.

27
Q

What are obese people more likely to suffer from?

A

Heart disease
Diabetes
Arthritis
Breast cancer

28
Q

What are infectious diseases caused by?

A

Harmful microorganism invading the body.

29
Q

Give an example of a host

A

You body

30
Q

Why are microorganisms parasites?

A

Because they live, gain nutrients and shelter in the body.

31
Q

Vitamin deficiency

A

Scurvy

32
Q

Mineral deficiency

A

Anaemia (lack of iron)

33
Q

Body disorder

A

diabetes/ cancer

34
Q

genetic inheritence

A

red-greeen colour blindness

35
Q

What is a tumour

A

When the cancer cells keep on deviding and forms and abnormal mass

36
Q

How can the risk of certain cancers be stopped?

A

By adopting a health diet and lifestyle

37
Q

What can some people do to reduce the risk of cancer?

A 
Sunbathe a little
reduce smoking
avoid eating too much red mean and processed food
regular exercise
avoid being overweight
38
Q

What is a benign tumour?

A

A tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body

39
Q

What is a malignant tumour?

A

A tumour that spreads to other parts of the body

40
Q

What is the name to disease-causing microorganisms?

A

Pathogens

41
Q

Fungi

A

Athletes foot

42
Q

Bacteria

A

Cholera

43
Q

Viruses

A

Flu

44
Q

Protozoa

A

Malaria

45
Q

Steps to control malaria

A

Sleeping under the mosquito nets
Draining stagnant water
Using insecticides to kill mosquitoes

46
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Chemicals produced by fungi and bacteria, to prevent and kill the growth of other bacteria and fungi

47
Q

When does the systolic pressure increase?

A

When you exercise

48
Q

What is your source of energy?

A

Eating food

49
Q

How may you balanced diet vary without ethics?

A

Vegetarian or vegan

50
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

Cholesterol deposits that may lead to a blood clot

51
Q

What can cause a stroke?

A

Thrombosis in an artery supplying the brain

52
Q

What can cause a heart attack?

A

Thrombosis in an artery supplying the heart muscles

53
Q

What does the liver make cholesterol from?

A

Saturated fat such as , milk, butter, cheese, red meat

54
Q

How may saturated fat increase you blood pressure?

A

Cholesterol is deposited in artery wall after being carried from the blood. The deposits narrow the arteries and restrict blood flow. The blood pressure increases to force the blood through the narrow gap.

55
Q

When do you have resting high blood pressure and what are you more likely to have?

A

140/90mmHg. you cn get a heart attack, stroke, or kidney damage

56
Q

Where are carbohydrates stored?

A

In the liver as glycogen or they are converted to fat

57
Q

WHere is fat stored?

A

Under the skin and around organs as adipose tissues

58
Q

Are proteins, iron, vitamin c, fibre or water stored?

A

No!

59
Q

How to calculate EAR?

A

0.6x body mass in kg

60
Q

What does having kwashiorkor mean?

A

You have thin arms and legs and a swollen belly. The bodies cannot fight infections very well

Biology (8 decks)

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