B1 Flashcards
How can you measure you fitness levels?
Stamina Flexibility Agility Speed Cardiovascular efficiency
What is physical fitness?
The ability to do physical activity
That is good health?
Being free from disease
What is a disease
A condition caused by any part of the body not functioning properly
What increases the chances of getting heart disease?
High blood pressure
Smoking
Too much saturated fat
Eating too much salt
What is the systolic pressure?
The pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts
What is the diastolic pressure?
The pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes
What can increase the resting blood pressure?
Smoking Eating too much salt Being overweight Stress Too much alcohol regularly Lots of saturated fats
If high blood pressure when resting then…
Heart attack
Stroke
Suffer from kidney damage
How does smoking increase the blood pressure?
Tobacco contains carbon monoxide and nicotine
What does carbon monoxide do?
It combines with the haemoglobin in the red blood cells and prevents them from carrying that much oxygen. This means that the heart needs to beat faster to compensate and puts an strain on the heart.
What does nicotine do?
It increases the heart rate
How does saturated fat increase the blood pressure?
Liver makes cholesterol
Carried into blood and deposited into artery walls
Narrows arteries and restricts blood flow. Increases blood pressure as blood forces trough narrower gap
What is a balanced diet?
A diet that contains the right amounts of different foods and right amounts of energy to keep healthy
What nutrients that do not provide energy does it include?
Water
Minerals
Fibre
Vitamins
Why do you need carbohydrates and where are they stored?
Needed for energy stored as glycogen as liver or converted to fat.
Why is proteins needed?
For growth and repair
Why is iron needed?
To make haemoglobin
Why is vitamin c needed?
To prevent scurvy
What is fibre needed?
To prevent constipation
Why do you need water?
To prevent dehydration
A balanced diet may vary with…
Age
Gender
Religion
Medical reasons
What is EAR needed for?
Calculating how much protein is needed per day
Why would people not get enough protein in developing countries?
Overpopulation
Limited investment in agricultural techniques
Eating more protein from plants than animals
What is the deficiency disease that children would get if they do not have enough protein?
Kwashiorkor
Why may people eat too little in developed countries?
Low self esteem
Poor self image
Looking better if thin
What is BMI for?
To calculate whether you have a healthy weight.
What are obese people more likely to suffer from?
Heart disease
Diabetes
Arthritis
Breast cancer
What are infectious diseases caused by?
Harmful microorganism invading the body.
Give an example of a host
You body
Why are microorganisms parasites?
Because they live, gain nutrients and shelter in the body.
Vitamin deficiency
Scurvy
Mineral deficiency
Anaemia (lack of iron)
Body disorder
diabetes/ cancer
genetic inheritence
red-greeen colour blindness
What is a tumour
When the cancer cells keep on deviding and forms and abnormal mass
How can the risk of certain cancers be stopped?
By adopting a health diet and lifestyle
What can some people do to reduce the risk of cancer?
Sunbathe a little reduce smoking avoid eating too much red mean and processed food regular exercise avoid being overweight
What is a benign tumour?
A tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body
What is a malignant tumour?
A tumour that spreads to other parts of the body
What is the name to disease-causing microorganisms?
Pathogens
Fungi
Athletes foot
Bacteria
Cholera
Viruses
Flu
Protozoa
Malaria
Steps to control malaria
Sleeping under the mosquito nets
Draining stagnant water
Using insecticides to kill mosquitoes
What are antibiotics?
Chemicals produced by fungi and bacteria, to prevent and kill the growth of other bacteria and fungi
When does the systolic pressure increase?
When you exercise
What is your source of energy?
Eating food
How may you balanced diet vary without ethics?
Vegetarian or vegan
What is thrombosis?
Cholesterol deposits that may lead to a blood clot
What can cause a stroke?
Thrombosis in an artery supplying the brain
What can cause a heart attack?
Thrombosis in an artery supplying the heart muscles
What does the liver make cholesterol from?
Saturated fat such as , milk, butter, cheese, red meat
How may saturated fat increase you blood pressure?
Cholesterol is deposited in artery wall after being carried from the blood. The deposits narrow the arteries and restrict blood flow. The blood pressure increases to force the blood through the narrow gap.
When do you have resting high blood pressure and what are you more likely to have?
140/90mmHg. you cn get a heart attack, stroke, or kidney damage
Where are carbohydrates stored?
In the liver as glycogen or they are converted to fat
WHere is fat stored?
Under the skin and around organs as adipose tissues
Are proteins, iron, vitamin c, fibre or water stored?
No!
How to calculate EAR?
0.6x body mass in kg
What does having kwashiorkor mean?
You have thin arms and legs and a swollen belly. The bodies cannot fight infections very well
