B: REDUCING CRIME Flashcards
What do left wing sociologists see as the main cause of crime?
Social structure
What do the left wing focus on?
Inequality, deprivation and social exclusion
What do the left wing suggest for crime prevention?
Reducing income equality
Raising living standards
Reducing unemployment
Improving education
How do the left wing punish crime?
Focus on rehabilitation- reintegrate back into society
Addressing issues about offending is the best way to prevent reoffending eg mental health treatment
Restoration justice
Restoration justice
Looks at the impact of offending, encourages the offender to take responsibility- inclusive approach
What do the left wing believe about control?
Focus on the relationship between the CJS, the police and the community
What do Lea and Young state about policing?
The public lack confidence in the police
What type of policing do the left wing criticise?
Military style policing- leads to less co-operation
What do the left-wing state about policing?
Overpolicing of minor crimes leads to the underpolicing of crimes like domestic abuse, white collar crimes
What kind of policing do the left wing support?
Multi-agency work- focuses on increasing co-operation between agencies in society
Evaluation of left wing methods of crime reduction
Too unrealistic and ineffective
Murray argues that America tried to implement these policies in the 60s/70s and it did not work
RJ requires co-operation
What do the right wing believe is needed to achieve crime prevention?
Target hardening, eg installing alarms, locks etc
What does Clarke say?
Theft from phone boxes stopped when aluminium coin boxes changed to steel
Two types of right wing crime prevention
Situational crime prevention and environment crime prevention
Environment crime prevention
CCTV, street lighting
_ CCTV for every __ people
1 for every 11
Painter and Farrington
45% decrease in crime in well lit areas
Right wing view on punishment (3)
Retribution, degradation ceremonies, imprisonment prevents reoffending
Retribution
The idea that the punishment must fit the crime
Degradation ceremonies
Reinforce collective conscience
Right wing view on policing
Increase police control, eg increasing foot patrols
Zero-tolerance policy
Zimring
Found that homocide rates in NYC went down 82% with harsher punishments
Right wing view on the welfare state
Murray argues the welfare system is overgenerous and encourages reckless behaviour
Evaluation of right wing crime prevention methods (3)
Do not address the underlying cause of crime
Crime not addressed, but moved elsewhere
Davis argues it will segregate cities and increase fear
82% decline in homocide rates in NYC
Zimring
Who found a 45% decrease in crime in well lit areas?
Painter and Farrington
Who speaks about the public’s lack of confidence in the police?
Lea and Young
