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Immunology > B Lymphocyte Effector Function > Flashcards

B Lymphocyte Effector Function Flashcards

1
Q

describe how B lymphocytes (plasma cells) actually function

A

plasma cells only secrete antibody and B cell functions are simply the function of antibodies, but antibodies only perform functions when bound to antigen, and so it is actually the antigen/antibody complex that results in the effect functions of B lymphocytes

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2
Q

what determines the function of antibodies?

A

the antibody class

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3
Q

what are Fc receptors?

A

a diverse group of receptors that bind to different antibody classes and are expressed by many different cells

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4
Q

how do Fc receptors work?

A

Fc receptors bind to the Fc fragment of antibodies and signal to initiate functions of antibodies when an antigen/antibody complex binds to them

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5
Q

what are the 6 effector functions of antibodies?

A
  1. neutralization
  2. agglutination
  3. opsonization
  4. complement activation
  5. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  6. antibody-activated degranulation
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6
Q

describe the nuetralization function of antibodies

A

antibody blocks entry of pathogen into cells

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7
Q

describe the agglutination function of antibodies

A

clumping of antigen; multiple antigens will bind to antibodies, creating clumps that help with neutralization and help to clear the antigen from the body

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8
Q

describe the opsonization function of antibodies

A

mark antigen for phagocytosis; occurs as the antigen/antibody complex binds Fc receptor on phagocytic cell (macrophage or dendritic cell) and this initiates phagocytosis

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9
Q

describe the complement activation function of antibodies

A

antibody-antigen complexes activate complement via the classical pathway

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10
Q

describe the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity function of antibodies (3)

A
  1. antibody will bind to Fc receptors on natural killer cells
  2. antibody on NK cell will bind to antigen on infected cells and the antigen/antibody complex will signal for cytotoxicity
  3. NK cell will kill infected cell
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11
Q

describe antibody-activated degranulation

A

antibody-antigen complex binds to Fc receptors on granulocytes, resulting in release of contents of cytotoxic granules

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12
Q

in what two cases is antibody-activated degranulation important?

A
  1. parasitic infections

2. allergies

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13
Q

what 3 antibody effector functions require binding through Fc receptors?

A
  1. opsonization
  2. antibody-dependent cll-mediated cytotoxicity
  3. antibody-activated degranulation
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14
Q

what is the only class of antibody that is not secreted and is instead only membrane bound and found during development and activation?

A

IgD

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15
Q

in what structure is IgM secreted and when?

A

as a pentamer at the beginning of an adaptive immune response

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16
Q

what cells secrete IgM?

A

plasma cells from the primary focus that have not gone through somatic hypermutation

17
Q

what 2 effector functions can IgM perform and which of those is it GREAT at and why?

A
  1. can activate complement

2. is best at agglutination because pentamer structure means it can bind and clump 10 antibodies at once!

18
Q

due to its structure, what effector functions can IgM NOT perform and why?

A

cannot perform any of the functions requiring binding of Fc receptors. This is because due to the pentamer function, the Fc region of IgM in unavailable for binding
(so can’t do ADCC, opsonization, or degranulation)

19
Q

in what structure is IgG secreted?

A

as a monomer

20
Q

what is the most common class of antibody in serum?

A

IgG

21
Q

is IgG in the same form for every species?

A

no, there are different forms of IgG for all species

22
Q

what 3 effector functions is IgG really good at?

A
  1. opsonization
  2. antibody-depedent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  3. complement activation
23
Q

in serum, what structure is IgA secreted as?

A

monomer

24
Q

in body secretions, what structure is IgA secreted as?

A

dimer

25
Q

what is the main class of antobody found in secretions such as tears, salive, mucus, and milk?

A

IgA

26
Q

what are the major function of IgA in secretions?

A
  1. neutralization to prevent pathogen entry into body

2. agglutination: to make it easier for the secretions to wash the pathogen out of the body

27
Q

what is a third function that IgA performs in blood?

A

anitbody-dependent cell-mediates cytotoxicity

28
Q

in what structure is IgE secreted and when?

A

as a monomer in parasitic and allergic infections

29
Q

what is the main funciton of IgE?

A

degranulation

Immunology (13 decks)

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