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A&P 2 Final > B L O O D V E S S E L S > Flashcards

B L O O D V E S S E L S Flashcards

1
Q

tunica interna

A

endothelium, simple squamous, decrease friction

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2
Q

tunica media

A

smooth muscle (elastin), vasomotor nerve fibers, bulkiest layer

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3
Q

tunica externa

A

collagen fibers, protection and contains vessels

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4
Q

arteries details

A

compared to veins:

  1. thicker walls
  2. more smooth muscle
  3. more elastin fibers
  4. more resilient
  5. more muscular
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5
Q

veins details

A

compared to arteries:

  1. thinner walls
  2. less smooth muscle
  3. less elastic fibers
  4. less muscular
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6
Q

which blood vessels are located at the end of a capillary bed?

A

arterioles before

venues after

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7
Q

which vessels hold the largest percentage of our blood supply?

A

veins

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8
Q

what is the relationship of blood flow to resistance?

A

inversely proportional

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9
Q

what happens to blood pressure as blood travels from arteries to veins?

A

decreases as it gets away from the heart with a steep drop happening in the arterioles

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10
Q

how would dilation of arterioles affect blood flow to the tissues?

A

increase blood flow

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11
Q

how does the PNS affect BP?

A

decreased BP

inhibit SNS

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12
Q

how does the SNS affect BP?

A

increased BP, NE, & EP to:
increase CO &
increase vasoconstriction

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13
Q

define NFP and describe the 4 pressures that contribute to it

A

NFP: factors promoting filtration (HPc +OPif) - factors promoting reabsorption (HPif + OPc)

(+) filtration
(-) reabsorption

  1. hydrostatic pressure & filtration are greatest on arteriole end
  2. osmotic pressure & reabsorption on venue end
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14
Q

beginning with the release of a kidney hormone, fully describe the process resulting in the activation of angiotensin 2

A
  1. secrete renin
  2. renin cleaves angiotensin to form angiotensin 1
  3. angiotensin 1 cleaved by ACE to generate angiotensin 2
  4. increase BP and increase CO by vasoconstriction, EPO, aldosterone, & ADH
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15
Q

how does the the hormone ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) influence our blood volume and pressure?

A
  1. decreased BP & BV by increased Na+ excretion
  2. increased urine output
  3. vasodilation
  4. block ADH, Ald, EP, & NE
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16
Q

how does the the hormone ADH influence our blood volume and pressure?

A
  1. increased BP & BV by increased water retention
17
Q

how does the the hormone aldosterone influence our blood volume and pressure?

A
  1. increased BP & BV by increased water & Na+ reabsorption
18
Q

how would increased hematocrit influence blood flow?

A

decrease blood flow

19
Q

how would increased vessel diameter influence blood flow?

A

increase blood flow

20
Q

fully describe the role of baroreceptors in regulation of HR and stroke volume

A

if BP high

  1. baroreceptors in carotid sinuses and aortic arch are stimulated
  2. increased impulses from baroreceptors
    • stimulate cardioinhibitory
    • inhibit cardioacceleratory
    • inhibit vasomotor
  3. decreased vasomotor impulses allows vasodilation causing decreased resistance
  4. decreased sympathetic impulses to heart cause decreased resistance, decreased cardiac output, and decreased contractility

decreased cardiac output and decreased resistance lower BP to return it to its homeostatic range*

opposite for low BP*

21
Q

which structure in the body divides the aorta into thoracic and abdominal aorta?

A

diaphragm

22
Q

capillary bed

A

network of capillaries between arterioles and venules

23
Q

microcirculation

A

blood flow through bed

24
Q

vascular shunt

A

channel that connect arteriole directly to venule (metarteriole thoroughfare channel)

25
Q

true capillaries

A

actual vessels involved in exchange

26
Q

precapillary sphincters

A

regulate blood flow into true capillaries

  • blood may go into true capillaries or shunt
  • regulated by local chemical conditions (gas need of oxygen) & vasomotor nerves
27
Q

capillary bed pathway

A
  1. terminal arteriole
  2. met arteriole thoroughfare channel
  3. post capillary venule
28
Q

describe the pulmonary circuit carrying blood to and from the lungs

A

short pathway

arteries and arterioles more like veins and venules because resistance and pressure is low

auto regulatory mechanism

low O2 levels cause vasoconstriction

high O2 levels cause vasodilation to allow blood flow to O2 rich areas of the lungs

29
Q

how is the blood flow in the abdominal viscera and the skin affected by exercise?

A

blood is shunted away from those areas to feed the muscles

30
Q

what does the term “total peripheral resistance” refer to?

A

systemic opposition to flow

31
Q

formation of fatty plaques in the walls of arteries is characteristic of what disorder?

A

artherosclerosis

A&P 2 Final (10 decks)

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