B: Cells and Systems, section 2: microscopes and cells Flashcards
What does the eyepiece of a microscope do?
Contains the lens that magnifies.
What does the coarse adjustment knob do?
Moves the stage up or down to focus the object to produce a flat sharp image.
What does the fine adjustment knob do?
Brings the object into sharper focus
What does the revolving nosepiece do?
Holds the three objective lenses
What do the objective lenses do?
Provides different strength of magnification
What does the stage do?
Supports the slide that holds the object you want to view.
What do the stage clips do?
Hold the slide firmly on the stage
What does the diaphragm do?
Has different sizes holes that let different amounts of light pass through the object
What does the lamp do?
Supplies the light that passes through the object you’re viewing
What does the arm do?
Allows you to carry the microscope securely
What does the base do?
Serves as a foundation for the rest of the microscope
What factors affect your ability to see the internal parts of cells?
The type of microscope
The power of the lenses
The quality of the prepared slides
What are organelles?
Specialized structures that carry out specific functions
What is the function of the nucleus?
A command center that directs all the organelles
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Converts nutrients into energy
What is the function of the cells membrane?
Let’s materials in and waste out
What are the functions of the vacuoles?
Store nutrients and water
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Contains nutrients required to carry out life proses
What is the function of the cell wall?
It provides strength and support to plants
What are the functions of the chloroplasts?
Convert the Suns energy into food
What are the functions of the ribosomes?
Make proteins
What is the function of the lysosomes?
Destroy waste
What does multicellular mean?
They are made up of two or more cells
What does unicellular mean?
They are made up of only a single cell
Do you think that multicellular organisms are more advanced than unicellular organisms?
No, because unicellular can do everything a multicellular organism can do. Multicellular organisms depend on specialized cells to function.
What cell uses pseudopods?
Amoeba
How does amoeba capture food?
They use their pseudopods to surround it
How do paramecium move?
They use hair like structures as oars
How does paramecium eat?
It uses its cilia to sweep food into its oral groove
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
How is a cell membrane selectively permeable?
It has small holes to let certain things in but small enough to keep the organelles and cytoplasm from coming out.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water particles of a selectively permeable membrane
What does a microscope do?
A microscope magnifies the images of small objects.
Why do cells reproduce?
To replace the ones that die every day and to repair damaged ones
What is the function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen to all the cells of the body
How do red blood cells reproduce?
When they get big enough they lose their nucleus. Without their nucleus they can’t reproduce. So they rely on specialized tissue to make them. It’s called marrow
What are the four different tissue types?
Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous tissue,
Muscle tissue.
What is the function of connective tissue?
Supports and connects different parts of the body. Blood is a connective tissue and so are fat, cartilage, bones, and tendons.
What does epithelial tissue do?
Covers the surface of your body and the outside of your organs. It also lines your intestine.
Nervous tissue
Makes up the brain and the spinal cord
What does the muscle tissue do?
Allow you to move. One type of muscle allows your move your body. Cardiac muscle tissue pumps blood through your heart and smooth muscle moves food along your intestine
What types of tissues do plants have?
Photosynthetic/ storages, protective, and transport.
What does protective tissue do?
Waterproof layer
Protects plant
What does photosynthetic tissue do?
Uses sunlight to produce sugar that the plant uses for energy
What does transport tissues do?
Tube like cells with hollow center
Phloem transports food
Xylem transports water
What does phloem do?
Transports food
What does xylem do?
Transports water
