A: Mix and Flow of Matter, section 2: particle model of matter and solubility Flashcards
What is matter?
Anything with mass and volume
What are the two main categories of matter?
- mixture
- pure substance
What is the chart of matter?
What is a pure substance?
A substance that is made of one type of matter
Ex. Tinfoil
What is a mixture?
A mixture has two or more substances
Ex. Soil because it has more than one substance in it (such as water, sand, organix materials)
What are the two main categories of mixtures?
- Heterogeneous (mechanical) mixture
- Homogeneous mixture (solution)
What is a mechanical or heterogenous mixture?
You can see the different parts of a mixture
(Not dissolving, not pure substance)
What are the three types of heterogeneous mixtures?
- colloids
- suspensions
- heterogeneous mixture (mechanical mixture) but not a colloid nor a suspension
Keep in mind that soil is a heterogeneous mixture but not really a colloid nor a suspension. So technically you can think of there being three types of heterogeneous mixtures.
What is a suspension?
A heterogenous mixture where the substances float
E.g.
- chalk and water
- muddy water
- flour and water
- dust particles and air
- fog
A colloid will stay mixed together, whereas a suspension will separate.
What is a colloid?
A heterogenous mixture that needs an emulsion or else the particles will separate because they are not bonded together
- aerosols
- solid aerosols (paint)
- foams
- solid foams
- emulsions (mayonnaise)
- gels
- sols
- solid sols
Colloids are characterized by the Tyndall effect and Brownian motion. Brownian motion is the random motion of the particles, which allows them to stay in solution
A colloid will stay mixed together, whereas a suspension will separate.
What is a paper chromatography test for?
A paper chromatography test can be used to determine if they are pure substances or solutions
What is a solution or a homogenous mixture?
- You can’t see the different substances
- a solute is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
- there are attractions between these particles
E.g. salty water where the salt is dissolved in the water to make a salt-water solution
What is a solute?
The substance that dissolves
E.g. salt
What is a solvent?
The substance that does the dissolving
E.g. water
Give examples of each type of matter in the chart of matter.
Mechanical (Heterogeneous) mixtures
E.g. Soil
Suspensions
E.g. Tomato juice
Colloids
E.g. milk
Homogeneous Mixtures / solutions
E.g. Vinegar
Element
E.g. tin foil
Compound
E.g. pure water (H2O)
What is concentration?
It tells you the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent
What is an unsaturated solution?
When a solute can still dissolve in the solvent because space remains for it, the solution is called unsaturated.
What is a saturated solution?
A solution where no more solute can dissolve because it has reached the point of saturation.
What is solubility?
The maximum amount of solute you can add to a fixed volume of solvent
The ability to be dissolved, especially in water.
What is an aqueous solution?
It means that the solvent is water
The solubility of solids and liquids increases as the temperature of the solvent ______________?
increases
Does the solubility of a gas increase or decrease as the temperature increases?
Decreases as the temperature increases
This means that hotter water does not hold as much oxygen, so if water is too warm, fish may find it tough to breathe properly. Think about this when hotter effluent is coming out of the water cleaning systems into our rivers.
What are the four parts to the particle model of matter?
- All matter is made of tiny particles
- The tiny particles are always moving
- The particles may be attracted or bonded together but as the substance is heated the particles move father apart from each other
- The particles have spaces between them
What factors affect the rate of dissolving?
- Temperature of the solvent
- size of the pieces- because they have more surface area for the particles to bump into
- Stirring so the particles bump into each other
Why do substances dissolve?
Some particles may be more attracted to each other and so they change their bonds slightly to be attracted to the new substance
