Aztecs Chapter 9

Question 1

Define national unity.

Answer 1

A sense of common purpose and direction among a nation’s citizens.

Question 2

Define ideals.

Answer 2

The highest standards/values an individual/group can conceive.

Question 3

Define mosque.

Answer 3

A sacred place of worship in the Islamic faith.

Question 4

Define hadith.

Answer 4

The sacred sayings of the prophet Muhammad.

Question 5

Define caliph.

Answer 5

A supreme ruler under the Islamic faith.

Question 6

Define caliphate.

Answer 6

The area of jurisdiction of Islamic rulers.

Question 7

Define principalities.

Answer 7

Small political areas that rulers have the right to rule.

Question 8

Define martyr.

Answer 8

A person who is willing to die for his beliefs.

Question 9

Define Reconquista.

Answer 9

The Christian reconquest of Spain from the Muslims.

Question 10

Define Spanish Inquisition.

Answer 10

A state-run court system where non-Catholics were put on trial.

Question 11

Define monotheism.

Answer 11

Belief in one God.

Question 12

Define polytheism.

Answer 12

Belief in many gods.

Question 13

Define Le Grand Derangement.

Answer 13

The expulsion of the Acadians from their homeland.

Question 14

Define Hildagos.

Answer 14

A class of lower nobles in Spain.

Question 15

Define missionaries.

Answer 15

Men and women from religious orders with the authority to teach and convert people to the Catholic religion.

Question 16

Define Moors.

Answer 16

A Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent from North America. Conquered the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th Century.

Question 17

Define status.

Answer 17

A position/power/rank in relation to others.

Question 18

Define Conquistador.

Answer 18

One whom conquers; specifically, a leader in the Spanish conquest of America and especially of Mexico and Peru in the 16th Century.

Question 19

How did the Reconquest begin? Who started it?

Answer 19

The move to retake the Iberian Peninsula, under Moorish control, the re-conquest was first led by the rulers of the Kingdom of Castile who captured the Moorish city of Toledo in 1085.

Question 20

What two places became important cultural centers in Europe?

Answer 20

Cordoba and then Granada.

Question 21

Cordoba and Granada became what?

Answer 21

Important cultural centers in Europe.

Question 22

What was religion like in Spain in the 1100s? (2)

Answer 22

1. Moors, Jews, and Christians were all allowed to practice their own beliefs. (Moors and Jews were not accepted in the rest of Europe because they were not Catholic.)
2. A few northern regions however became more powerful and struggled to take back the southern lands ruled by Moors.

Question 23

What religion did people in most of Europe follow in the 1100s?

Answer 23

Christianity.

Question 24

Who united to fight Moors?

Answer 24

Rulers of Aragon and Catalonia united to fight Moors.

Question 25

What did the Pope think of this Crusade?

Answer 25

He declared his support for it in the 1200s.

Question 26

What cities did Castile capture, leaving only Granada?

Answer 26

Captured the cities of Cordoba and Cadiz.

Question 27

What was the last Moorish Kingdom left in Spain?

Answer 27

Moors now only had the small Kingdom of Granada in southern Spain.

Question 28

When and by who was Granada captured?

Answer 28

Granada was captured by the conquistadors of King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I, in 1492, ending the Moorish CONTROL of Spain.

Question 29

How long did the Muslim rule in Spain last?

Answer 29

More than 700 years.

Question 30

What did many Christians believe it was their duty to do?

Answer 30

Many Christians believed it was their duty to carry forth the word of God and convert “non-believers” to Catholicism.

Question 31

Who did the Spanish conquistadors feel they were fighting for?

Answer 31

God, not their country.

Question 32

Although the Moors were defeated…

Answer 32

…there were still many separate Kingdoms on the Iberian Peninsula with regional loyalties.

Question 33

What were the two largest Kingdoms?

Answer 33

Aragon and Castile.

Question 34

How were Aragon and Castile unified? When?

Answer 34

With the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile who became King and Queen of the combined areas in 1479.

Question 35

Was Spain a nation by the time Ferdinand and Isabella married?

Answer 35

Spain was not yet a nation.

Question 36

What did it take for a citizen to be considered a loyal subject?

Answer 36

They were considered loyal subjects only if they practiced the same religious beliefs as the ruler in power.

Question 37

What was the Roman Catholic faith considered after the Reconquista?

Answer 37

The only true faith in Spain.

Question 38

What happened to all Jews and Muslims eventually?

Answer 38

All Jews and Muslims, even those who converted, were expelled from Spain.

Question 39

What was a key motive for European explorers?

Answer 39

The search for gold. They wanted to become wealthy themselves and the monarchs who supported their voyages needed the gold to support their country’s economies.

Question 40

What was an important part of European thinking during the Renaissance?

Answer 40

The idea that national wealth is based on a country’s supplies of gold and silver.

Question 41

What did being wealthy mean for a country? (5)

Answer 41

1. It meant that a country could buy the natural resources it lacked.
2. Rulers could pay for wars against hostile forces within their countries.
3. Could protect their borders and keep out foreign powers.
4. Gold also let them buy ships.
5. Let them fund wars to take over territories.

Question 42

When did Spain use up its gold and silver reserves?

Answer 42

In 1492.

Question 43

What happened in 1492? (2)

Answer 43

1. Spain used up its gold and silver reserves.

2. Granada surrendered.

Question 44

What did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella hope about Columbus’ mission?

Answer 44

That it would bring back gold to support the Spanish economy.