Aztecs Chapter 10 Flashcards
How was Moctezuma thorough?
Sent officials to investigate, sent people to greet with valuable gifts after putting a lot of thought into whether to greet or fight them.
How was Moctezuma intelligent?
Sent gifts as a peace offering, small group of people for this, sent people to investigate, and knew their presence was significant.
How was Moctezuma decisive?
He chose to greet them and was very loyal to that decision by offering expensive gifts, considered his knowledge to make this decision.
How was Moctezuma cunning?
He was giving them gifts although he was not sure whether he trusted them or not, knew they were technologically advanced; Aztecs couldn’t fight them.
How was Cortes adventurous?
He went to the “New World” at age 19, went to conquer Aztecs, wanted to go to the Caribbean.
How was Cortes restless?
Wanted to go where the action was, Carribbean, “New World”, Aztecs, didn’t want to stay in Spain.
How was Cortes arrogant?
Wanted gold and did things for his personal selfish gain, no respect for authority.
How was Cortes fearless?
Wasn’t afraid to go to the Aztecs despite uncertainty and even though he knew this meant war against people with unknown weapons and tactics.
How was Cortes greedy?
As soon as he heard about gold in the Caribbean, he wanted to go there. His historical actions were based on his greed for gold, mainly.
In order, list Spain’s settlements in the Caribbean and when they were established.
Santo Domingo (1496) -> San Juan (1509) -> Baracoa (1510) -> Sevilla la Nueva (1510-1523) -> Bayamo and Santiago de Cuba (1513) -> San Cristobal (1515) -> Veracruz (1519).
The Aztecs were aware of but had little to do with the indigenous peoples of Hispaniola. Why do you suppose this is?
Aztecs had few allies, they were far apart, and there was a sea in between.
Aztecs had very few allies in areas such as Zacatec and Yucatan. Why do you suppose this is?
They were far apart, Aztecs were independent, Aztecs were violent, aggressive, and had few allies generally.
What were the steps of the strategy the Conquistadors used when conquering the Indigenous groups in the Americas? (4)
- Expedition sets out from a recent colony.
- Met peacefully with Indigenous to find the most powerful group.
- Invited the leader to exchange gifts, then seized them and threatened to kill them unless their followers obeyed. If there was a fight, they tried to fight on the ground. They had a great advantage.
- People became slaves, the leader of the expedition remained governor, and second-in-command organized the next expedition.
What was Christoph Weiditz’s point of view about Cortes?
He saw Cortes as someone honourable who was of great assistance and meaning to Spain.
What was Diego Rivera’s point of view about Cortes?
The Aztecs were in modern-day Mexico. He probably saw Cortes as backstabbing and terrible for enslaving the Aztecs. More specifically, showing their point of view and Cortes’ greediness for the gold. Rivera saw him as violent, a bully, greedy, and selfish.
Cause: Moctezuma had heard reports of mysterious strangers in nearby territories.
Effect: Sent people to investigate.
Major Results: Exchanged gifts and met peacefully.
Effect: Moctezuma sent people to investigate.
Cause: Moctezuma had heard reports of mysterious strangers in nearby territories.
Major Results: Exchanged gifts and met peacefully.
Cause: Hernan Cortes had heard about the gold that Columbus brought back from the Caribbean islands.
Effect: Decided to go there.
Major Results: Joined crew and conquered Cuba.
Effect: Cortes decided to go to the Caribbean islands.
Cause: Hernan Cortes had heard about the gold that Columbus brought back from the Caribbean islands.
Major Results: Joined crew and conquered Cuba.
Cause: While in Cuba, Cortes learned that there was a civilization that was stronger, more advanced, and wealthier than any group that the Spanish had yet encountered.
Effect: Had people investigate and decided to conquer them.
Major Effects: Conquered the Aztec Empire successfully.
Effect: Cortes had people investigate and decided to conquer the Aztecs.
Cause: While in Cuba, Cortes learned that there was a civilization that was stronger, more advanced, and wealthier than any group that the Spanish had yet encountered.
Major Effects: Conquered the Aztec Empire successfully.
Cause: Velazquez was worried that Cortes would get all the glory for his discoveries and not recognize his authority over all the new lands Cortes might conquer.
Effect: Tried to stop the expedition.
Major Results: Cortes went to conquer them anyways.
Effect: Velazquez tried to stop the expedition.
Cause: Velazquez was worried that Cortes would get all the glory for his discoveries and not recognize his authority over all the new lands Cortes might conquer.
Major Results: Cortes went to conquer them anyways.
Cause: Cortes wanted to be responsible to King Carlos I rather than Velazquez.
Effect: Cortes established a town, La Villa Rica de la Veracruz on the coast of Mexico, and declared an independent government.
Major Results: Sent one ship back to Spain with all the treasures he had collected so far. Sank the other ships so those loyal to Velazquez could not defect.
Effect: Cortes established a town, La Villa Rica de la Veracruz on the coast of Mexico, and declared an independent government.
Cause: Cortes wanted to be responsible to King Carlos I rather than Velazquez.
Major Results: Sent one ship back to Spain with all the treasures he had collected so far. Sank the other ships so those loyal to Velazquez could not defect.
How was Cortes harsh and ruthless?
Sank ships because he didn’t trust his men would stick around for the expedition.
How was Cortes determined?
He wanted to conquer the Aztecs and made sure that his men would have to accompany him. He also ignored Velazquez’s protests.
Give three examples of how the Spanish had access to better weapons than the Aztecs.
- Aztec’s war club shattered on Spanish armor. Was heavy, and needed two hands to use.
Spanish swords were sharp, could slash and stab, one hand free (2m+). - Aztec spear had to get close.
Spanish halberd was long, both a spear, axe, and a hook. - Aztec spearthrower threw spears long distances with more force.
Spanish crossbow penetrated thick armour, and the Aztecs didn’t even have armour.
What role did weapons unknown to the Aztecs play in the war?
The Aztecs didn’t know what to expect or how to defend themselves against these unknown weapons. Cortes fired cannons to intimidate. They were taken by surprise and thought of thunder and lightning at first. Were also unfamiliar with muskets and firearms.
How was the horse a weapon for the Spanish?
Spanish rode with one hand, handled weapons with the other. Faster than the Aztecs, awed by these horses (fast, strong, and unknown). They had never seen horses before.
