Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Bones that protect the entrances to the digestive and respiratory systems. Give shape and individuality to the face. Form part of the orbit and nasal cavities. Support the teeth. Provide attachment sites for muscles of facial expression and mastication.

A

Facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cavities of the skull?

A

Cranial cavity, orbits, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major marking of the ethmoid bone?

A

Cribiform plate, crista galli, perpendicular plate, nasal conchae, ethmoid sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Largets, strongest bone of the face.

A

Mandible
Temporomandibular joint is the only freely moveable joint in the skull.
Coronoid proces, mandibular condyle, alveolar margin, mandibular and mental foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Two bone plates that form portions of the hard palate, posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity, and a small part of the orbits

A

Palatine bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plow-shaped bone that forms part of the nasal septum

A

Vomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Paired, curved bones in the nasal cavity that form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

A

Inferior nasal conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Unossified remnants of fibrous membranes between fetal skull bones.

A

Fontanelles

Anterior, Posterior, Mastoid, Sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Growth of the cranium in infants?

A

Sutures are almost fully developed by age 5, as well as brain growth being 90-95% complete. Young child’s cranium relatively large compared to the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muscles that originate in superficial fascia or skull bones, and insert into the superficial fascia of the skin. Cause it to move during contraction, and most are innervated by the facial nerve CN VII.

A

Muscles of facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Muscle of facial expression that draws eyebrows together and creates vertical wrinkle lines around the nose.

A

Corrugator supercillii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Circular muscle fibers surrounding orbit, closes eyelid during contraction

A

Orbicularis occuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscles that elevate corners of the nostrils for “flared” nostrils

A

Nasalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Muscle that encircles the opening of the mouth. It contracts when the mouth closes or puckers up.

A

Orbicularis oris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pulls lower lip inferiorly

Pulls upper lip superiorly as if a person is sneezing or snarling

A

Depressor labii inferioris

Levator labii superioris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pulls corners of mouth superiorly and laterally. Works with zygomaticus major and minor in smiling

A

Levator anguli oris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tenses the skin of the neck and pulls lower lip inferiorly.

A

Platysma muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Compresses the cheek against the teeth when chewing

A

Buccinator muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When the facial nerve is inflamed and compressed, muscles on the same side are paralyzed, may be idiopathic. Prednisone used to reduce swelling, level and timing of recovery varies.

A

Idiopathic Facial Nerve Paralysis, also known as Bell Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Move mandible at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Innervated by CN VIII

A

Muscles of mastication

Four paired muscles: temporals, masster, and lateral and medial pterygoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Primary curves of the spine. The only ones present in the newborn.

A

Thoracic and sacral curvatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Curves in the spine that help to shift trunk weight over the legs.

A

Cervical, appears when the child is able to hold up their head at 3-4 months.
Lumbar, appears when the child is learning to sit, stand, and walk by the first year of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Exaggerated thoracic curvature that produces a humpback look. May result from osteoporosis.

A

Kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Exaggerated lumbar curvature that may result from added abdominal weight.

A

Lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Abnormal lateral spinal curvature that may require a back brace or surgery.

A

Scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Posterior to the body of the vertebra, composed of two pedicles and two laminae

A

Vertebral arch

27
Q

Originating from the posterolateral margins of the vertebral body

A

Pedicle

28
Q

Extending posteromedially from the posterior edge of the pedicle

A

Laminae

29
Q

Has outer ring of fibrocartilage, annulus fibrosis.

Has inner gelatinous region, nucleus pulposus

A

Intervertebral disks, stabilization

30
Q

What do the transverse foramina in the the transverse process of the cervical vertebra house?

A

Vertebral artery and vein

31
Q

Vertebra that supports the head. It has no body or spinous process. Superior articular facets for articulation with the occipital condyles. Anterior and posterior tubercles.

A

Atlas cervical vertebra

cervical have kidney-bean shaped bodies

32
Q

Movement of C1 and occipital allows for?

Movement of C1 and C2 allows for?

A

Nodding of the head

Shaking

33
Q

Have heart-shaped bodies. Distinguished by the presence of costal facets on the lateral side of the body and sides of transverse processes. Head of rib articulates with demifacet. Tubercle of rib articulates with costal facets on transverse processes.

A

Thoracic vertebrae

T11 and T12 lacking transverse costal facets

34
Q

Narrow portion of the bone projecting inferiorly

A

Apex

35
Q

Broad, superior surface of the sacrum. Lateral sacral curvature more pronounced in males.

A

Base

Sacrum completely fused by age 20-30

36
Q

Permit passage of nerves to the pelvic organs and gluteals

A

Anterior and posterior sacral foramina

37
Q

Dorsal ridge formed by fusion of spinous processes

A

Median sacral crest

38
Q

Site of articulation between the sacrum and the coxae of the pelvic girdle. Forms strong sacroiliac joint.

A

Auricular surface

39
Q

Nucleus pulposus protruding into or through the annulus fibrosis. Produces a bulging disk of contents into the vertebral canal. Pinches the spinal cord or neves.

A

Herniated disks

Cervical and lumbar most injured

40
Q

Flat bone forming anterior midline of the thoracic wall

A

Sternum

41
Q

Widestand most superior portion of the sternum

A

Manubrium

42
Q

Articulate sternum with left and right clavicles

A

Clavicular notches

43
Q

Articulations for the first ribs’ costal cartilages

A

Costal notches

44
Q

Longest part of the sternum. Costal cartilages from ribs 2-7 attach here. Articulates with manubrium at sternal angle.

A

Sternum body

The articulation is an important landmark for palpitation and counting ribs. Costal cartilages of second ribs attach here.

45
Q

At the tip of sternum. Doesn’t ossify until age 40.

A

Xiphoid

46
Q

Connect individually to the sternum by cartilaginous extensions, termed costal cartilages.

A

True ribs (1-7)

47
Q

Ribs with costal cartilages not attached directly to the sternum

A 
False ribs (8-12)
Costal cartilage of 8-10 fused to that of rib 7. Indirectly attached to sternum.
Ribs 11-12 without a connection to the sternum, called floating ribs
48
Q

Part of the rib with articular facet for transverse process of thoracic vertebra

A

Tubercle

49
Q

Site where the tubular shaft beings to curve on the rib

Along the inferior internal border, makes the path of nerves and blood vessels

A

Angle

Costal groove

50
Q

Work with the sternocleidomastoid to flex the neck. Elevate first and second ribs during forced inhalation.

A

Scalene muscles, anterior, middle, posterior

Anterolateral neck muscles flex the head and neck

51
Q

Newborn with shortened sternocleidomastoid, may persist into childhood. From birth trauma or prenatal position. Head tilts to affected side and chin to unaffected side.

A

Congenital Muscular Torticollis

Physical therapy, botulinum toxin that impairs contraction of the affected muscle

52
Q

Muscles that work to extend he head and/or neck

A

Posterior neck muscles
Trapezius primary function is to help move the pectoral girdle
Splenius capitus, splenius cervicis, semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis

53
Q

O: Vertebra C7-T6
I: Occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone

A

Splenius capitus

A: When controlled bilaterally, extend neck. When controlled unilaterally, turn head and neck to same side

54
Q

Erector spinae muscles, most laterally placed. Has cervical, thoracic, and lumbar parts.

A

Iliocostalis group

55
Q

Erector spine muscles medial to the iliocostalis group. Inserts on vertebrae transverse processes. Composed of capitis, cervical and thoracic parts.

A

Longissimus group

56
Q

Erector spinae muscles most medially placed. Inserts on the spinous processes of vertebrae. Composed on cervical and thoracic parts

A

Spinalis group

57
Q

O: Ilium, ribs, vertebrae
I:Ribs, vertebre, and mastoid process of temporal bone

A

Erector spinae
A: Used to maintain posture and stand erect. If contracted together, helps extend the vertebral column. If contracted on one side, lateral flexion toward that side.

58
Q

Muscles of reparation that extend inferomedially from superior rib to adjacent inferior rib. Elevates ribs during inspiration, expanding cavity. Movement like lifting a bucket handle.

A

External intercostals

59
Q

Muscles of respiration deep to external intercostals. Fibers at right angles to external intercostals. Depresses ribs during forced expiration.

A

Internal intercostals

60
Q

Muscle of perspiration that is internally placed, dome-shaped muscle. Partitions thoracic and abdominal actives, associated with breathing. Fibers converting toward a fibrous central tendon the is pulled inferiorly. Increases vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity.

A

Diaphragm

61
Q

Muscular along lateral abdominal wall. Superficial, fibers directed inferiomedially. Forms aponeurosis anteriorly. Becomes cordlike inguinal ligament inferiorly.

A

External oblique

62
Q

Immediately deep to the external oblique. Fibers projecting superiomedially. Forms aponeurosis anteriorly.

A

Internal oblique

63
Q

Deepest abdominal muscle, fibers projecting transversely. Forms aponeurosis anteriorly.

A

Transverse abdominis

64
Q

Long muscle extending vertically along the entire length of the anteromedial abdominal wall. Petitioned into four segments by fibrous tendinous intersections.

A

Rectus abdominus

Enclosed by fibrous rectus sheath (formed from aponeuroses of external and internal oblique, transversus muscles. Connected by linea alba fibrous strip.

A&P (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions