AW Topic 6

Question 1

Physical or mental condition where the normal function of the local tissue or organ, or the body as a whole, is disturbed

Answer 1

disease

Question 2

can result in similar disruption to the normal functioning of systems

Answer 2

intensive production techniques

Question 3

caused by disease or excessive production results in altered behaviour and physiological changes

Answer 3

disruption of physical function

Question 4

leads to negative feelings and emotions, altered behaviour and physiological changes, resulting in increased susceptibility to disease of an animal

Answer 4

poor welfare

Question 5

protects animals against disease, either through social support by conspecifics or through better defense against pathogens

Answer 5

good welfare

Question 6

non infectious diseases that do not have a clear external trigger

Answer 6

neoplastic diseases, autoimmune diseases and genetic diseases

Question 7

reduces welfare primarily because of the negative feelings that the animal experiences

Answer 7

disease

Question 8

a particular concern with disease

Answer 8

pain

Question 9

Pain occurs because these organ evaluates sensory input from particular neural pathways as noxious

Answer 9

forebrain

Question 10

Specialized receptors which detects mechanical, thermal or chemical stimulus

Answer 10

nociceptors

Question 11

transmitted to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where it is processed

Answer 11

noxious stimulus

Question 12

processed stimulus is passed up to the spinal cord to which part of the brain

Answer 12

cerebrum

Question 13

the recognition of chemical signals by peripheral nerves and generates a nervous impulse

Answer 13

signal transduction

Question 14

these drugs reduce pain caused by castration in farm animals

Answer 14

NSAIDs

Question 15

human drugs that are toxic to domestic animals

Answer 15

aspirin and paracetamol

Question 16

in the pain pathway, in the spinal cord, the signal is modified and transmitted to the brain

Answer 16

transmission and modulation

Question 17

signal is perceived in the brain

Answer 17

pain perception

Question 18

combination of drugs that act at different points in the pain pathway

Answer 18

multimodal analgesia

Question 19

what prevents the signal from being perceived in the brain or pain perception

Answer 19

general anesthesia

Question 20

drugs which interfere with transmission and modulation of signal

Answer 20

opioids or morphine type drugs

Question 21

example of local anesthetics which prevents impulse conduction

Answer 21

lidocaine

Question 22

signal transduction is reduced by what class of drugs

Answer 22

aspirin or NSAIDs

Question 23

heightened perception of existing pain

Answer 23

hyperalgesia

Question 24

a phenomenon when a stimuli that normally would not cause any pain now become painful

Answer 24

allodynia

Question 25

Examples of behavioural indicators

Answer 25

altered posture, altered demeanour, gait, inappetence, increase RR and PR

Question 26

difficult to detect and, in older animals, is often mistaken for ageing

Answer 26

chronic pain

Question 27

associated with signs such as irritability, social withdrawal, aggression and weight loss

Answer 27

chronic pain

Question 28

Factors predisposing animals to injury

Answer 28

routine procedures, fighting, slippery floor

Question 29

result of mechanical pressure on the pelvis during the birthing process

Answer 29

parturition

Question 30

a phenomenon that persist even when the underlying source of the pain has been treated

Answer 30

allodynia

Question 31

number of new cases in a fixed time period divided by the number of animals at risk

Answer 31

incidence

Question 32

common example of how veterinary preventive measures can reduce the incidence of disease

Answer 32

vaccination

Question 33

number of animals affected by the disease at any point in time

Answer 33

prevalence

Question 34

another area that farmers and the owners of working animals will consult you about

Answer 34

production

Question 35

other common measure of production such as growth rate

Answer 35

rate of production

Question 36

production may be modified by presence of

Answer 36

stressors

Question 37

gives you a snapshot of the current state of affairs

Answer 37

prevalence

Question 38

decrease in bone mineralisation that predisposes the birds to fractures particulary laying hens

Answer 38

osteoporosis

Question 39

one of many markers of production that we can use as a measure of welfare

Answer 39

average daily gain or ADG

Question 40

events and resources that give rise to an animals sensory input

Answer 40

welfare inputs or resource based measures

Question 41

example of welfare inputs

Answer 41

Genetics ,biosecurity, vaccinations, nutrition, helminth control, transport, group size, dairy hygiene, usw of analgesics

Question 42

example of welfare outputs

Answer 42

incidence, amount of antibiotics used, visits from vet