AW Topic 6 Flashcards
Physical or mental condition where the normal function of the local tissue or organ, or the body as a whole, is disturbed
disease
can result in similar disruption to the normal functioning of systems
intensive production techniques
caused by disease or excessive production results in altered behaviour and physiological changes
disruption of physical function
leads to negative feelings and emotions, altered behaviour and physiological changes, resulting in increased susceptibility to disease of an animal
poor welfare
protects animals against disease, either through social support by conspecifics or through better defense against pathogens
good welfare
non infectious diseases that do not have a clear external trigger
neoplastic diseases, autoimmune diseases and genetic diseases
reduces welfare primarily because of the negative feelings that the animal experiences
disease
a particular concern with disease
pain
Pain occurs because these organ evaluates sensory input from particular neural pathways as noxious
forebrain
Specialized receptors which detects mechanical, thermal or chemical stimulus
nociceptors
transmitted to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where it is processed
noxious stimulus
processed stimulus is passed up to the spinal cord to which part of the brain
cerebrum
the recognition of chemical signals by peripheral nerves and generates a nervous impulse
signal transduction
these drugs reduce pain caused by castration in farm animals
NSAIDs
human drugs that are toxic to domestic animals
aspirin and paracetamol
in the pain pathway, in the spinal cord, the signal is modified and transmitted to the brain
transmission and modulation
signal is perceived in the brain
pain perception
combination of drugs that act at different points in the pain pathway
multimodal analgesia
what prevents the signal from being perceived in the brain or pain perception
general anesthesia
drugs which interfere with transmission and modulation of signal
opioids or morphine type drugs
example of local anesthetics which prevents impulse conduction
lidocaine
signal transduction is reduced by what class of drugs
aspirin or NSAIDs
heightened perception of existing pain
hyperalgesia
a phenomenon when a stimuli that normally would not cause any pain now become painful
allodynia
Examples of behavioural indicators
altered posture, altered demeanour, gait, inappetence, increase RR and PR
difficult to detect and, in older animals, is often mistaken for ageing
chronic pain
associated with signs such as irritability, social withdrawal, aggression and weight loss
chronic pain
Factors predisposing animals to injury
routine procedures, fighting, slippery floor
result of mechanical pressure on the pelvis during the birthing process
parturition
a phenomenon that persist even when the underlying source of the pain has been treated
allodynia
number of new cases in a fixed time period divided by the number of animals at risk
incidence
common example of how veterinary preventive measures can reduce the incidence of disease
vaccination
number of animals affected by the disease at any point in time
prevalence
another area that farmers and the owners of working animals will consult you about
production
other common measure of production such as growth rate
rate of production
production may be modified by presence of
stressors
gives you a snapshot of the current state of affairs
prevalence
decrease in bone mineralisation that predisposes the birds to fractures particulary laying hens
osteoporosis
one of many markers of production that we can use as a measure of welfare
average daily gain or ADG
events and resources that give rise to an animals sensory input
welfare inputs or resource based measures
example of welfare inputs
Genetics ,biosecurity, vaccinations, nutrition, helminth control, transport, group size, dairy hygiene, usw of analgesics
example of welfare outputs
incidence, amount of antibiotics used, visits from vet
