Avmed Day 2 Flashcards
What’s cerebral fluid?
Protects the brain as skull is a hard shock absorber
What percentage of the brain is water?
75%
What does the brain need to fully work?
Blood, Oxygen, sugar (glucose)
What are the levels of consciousness?
AVPU
-Alert
-Verbal
-Pain
-Unresponsive
What does it mean if the passenger is Alert?
Awake and fully responsive
What does it mean if a passenger is Verbal?
They respond to your voice
What does it mean if the passenger is classed as pain?
They respond to pain
What does it mean if the passenger is unresponsive?
They do not respond at all
When should you put the casualty in the recovery position?
Nothing below A in AVPU
What are the early signs of hypoxia?
-Agitated behaviour or combative to treatment
-Confusion, dowsiness
-Slurred speech, impaired vision
-Abnormal breathing and pulse rates (normally fast)
-Euphoria
-Greying or pale skin
-Cyanosis
What are the late signs of hypoxia?
Central Cyanosis of the skin (neck and chest)
What’s Cyanosis?
A blush tinge to the extremities
What’s the aim of treatment for hypoxia?
To restore sufficient supply of oxygen to the brain
How quickly can you reverse the effects of hypoxia when you provide oxygen?
Within 15 seconds
How do you ensure oxygen is flowing on a PO?
Pinch the resevoir bag
What’s the definition of a head injury?
Any traumatic damage to the head resulting from blunt or penetrating trauma of the skull
If the membrane breaks holding cerebral fluid due to head injury, where will it leak out from?
The orifices such as the nose, mouth and ears
What’s the possible signs and symptoms of a head injury?
-head wound or bruise
-dizziness or nausea
-straw coloured watery blood
-soft boggy area or depression of the scalp
-deterioration in level of response
-lack of symmetry of the head or face
-bruising around the eyes
What should you do in most medical situations?
Loosen clothing, open air vents and monitor pulse and breathe rate every 10 mins
What is a stroke caused by?
A blood clot or bleed in the brain
Whats the acronym that you follow when treating a stroke?
FAST
-Face
-Arms
-Speach
-Time
Face
Drooping, asking them to smile
Arms
Ask them to raise their arms or hold them in place
Speach
Is their speech clear or slurred
Time
Certain window of time to get medication to resolve clot
How would you treat a stroke?
-Lie them down with head and shoulders raised
-Support any weakness with blankets or pillows
-Administer a PO
-Loosen tight clothing and open air vents
-Record heart rate and pulse every 10 mins
What is meant by Hypoglcaemia?
-Low blood sugar
-Rapid onset
-Life threatening
What’s meant by Hyperglycaemia?
-High blood sugar
-Life threatening
-Slow onset
Signs and symptoms of Hypocaemia?
-Weakness, faintness, dizziness or hunger
-Pale,Cold, Clammy skin
-Abnormal pulse
-strange behaviour
-Deteriorating level of response
-Seizures
Possible signs and symptoms of Hyperglycaemia?
-Excessive thirst and hunger
-Abnormal pulse (usually fast and strong)
-Drowsy
-Nausea and vomiting
Aims of treatment for Hypo?
To increase sugar content of the blood as quickly as possible
Aims of treatment for hyper?
-Give a sugary drink to rule out hypo
-If not change in condition contact MedLink, PA for a MQV and keep nil by mouth
Possible causes of Seizures/Fits/Convulsions
-Head injury
-Epilepsy
-Drug over dose
-Brain tumours
-Hypo
-High temp in young children/infants
Signs of a seizure?
-Rigid, jaw clenched
-Salivia at mouth (may be blood stained)
-Noisy breathing and could lead to cyanosis around face or lips
-Convulsive movement, eyes roll back
Treatment for a seizure?
-Try and ease casualty’s fall
-Never move or restrain passenger
-Never place anything in their mouth
-Time the seizure
If the passenger is unconscious and seizure last longer than 5 mins, what should you do?
-DRAB
-TTTS
-Administer a PO and call medlink
-monitor and check pulse and breathe rate every 10 mins
Possible signs and symptoms for a Febrile Seizure?
-Fever (temp above 38°C)
-Flushed skin
-Sweating
-There may be a rash
What’s the aims of treatment for a Febrile Seizure?
-Protect child from injury
-Cool the child
-Reassure the parents
What other treatment should you do for a Febrile Seizure?
-Remove clothes to cool
-Offer liquid paracetamol
-If shivering occurs provide cotton sheet (if available
-Administer a PO
-Consider calling MedLink
-Advise parents to seek further medical advice at destination
What does DRAB stand for?
-Danger
-Response
-Airway
-Breathing
Danger
Assess safety
Response
Shake and shout “are you alright/okay?”
Airway
Head tilt, chin lift
Breathing
Look listen and feel for normal breathing for 10 seconds
Where are the PRMS located?
-Crew bags
-FAK
-AED
Where do you turn the bump for a pregnant woman when putting into a recovery position?
Bump to left
