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Animal Technology VI > Avian Notes (10/08) > Flashcards

Avian Notes (10/08) Flashcards

1
Q

What bird class are parrots?

A

psittacines

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2
Q

What bird class are parakeets?

A

psittacines

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3
Q

What bird class are cockatiels?

A

psittacines

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4
Q

What bird class are cockatoos?

A

psittacines

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5
Q

What bird class are soft bills?

A

passerines

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6
Q

What bird class are canaries?

A

passerines

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7
Q

What bird class are finches?

A

passerines

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8
Q

What bird class are pigeons?

A

columbiformes

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9
Q

What bird class are doves?

A

columbiformes

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10
Q

What bird class are chickens?

A

galliformes

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11
Q

What bird class are pheasants?

A

galliformes

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12
Q

What bird class are turkeys?

A

galliformes

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13
Q

What bird class are quail?

A

galliformes

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14
Q

What bird class are geese?

A

anseriformes

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15
Q

What bird class are ducks?

A

anseriformes

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16
Q

What bird class are swan?

A

anseriformes

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17
Q

What bird class are falcon?

A

raptors

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18
Q

What bird class are hawks?

A

raptors

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19
Q

What bird class are ostriches?

A

ratites

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20
Q

What bird class are emu?

A

ratites

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21
Q

What are feathers made of?

A

keratin

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22
Q

What is the name for wing remixes or tail rectories, very large feathers that originate from the carpus, metacarpus, and pygostyle?

A

primary feathers

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23
Q

What is the name for the large feathers that originate from the radius and ulna?

A

secondaries

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24
Q

What is the name for the feathers found all over the body?

A

coverts or contour

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25
Q

What is the name for feather tracts?

A

pterylaw

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26
Q

What is the name for non-feathered trace?

A

apterylae

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27
Q

What is the name for the main shaft of the feather?

A

rachis

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28
Q

Apterylae are present up to what percent on the body?

A

45%

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29
Q

What portion of a feather attaches ot the rachis?

A

barbs

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30
Q

What portion of a feather attaches to barbs at a 45 degree angle, and hooks with nearby same structures?

A

barbules

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31
Q

What is the action birds perform to realign feathers?

A

preening

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32
Q

What is the thickness of bird skin in feathered areas?

A

2-4 cell layers thick

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33
Q

What is the name for the preening gland?

A

uropygial gland

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34
Q

What is the function of the preening gland?

A

waterproofs feathers

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35
Q

In what birds is the preening gland absent?

A

amazon parrot

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36
Q

What are pneumatic bones filled with?

A

air

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37
Q

What is the formed bones along the sternum, making up the pectoral muscle attachment site?

A

keel

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38
Q

Which bones are the pneumatic bones in the bird?

A

femur
humerus
vertebrae

39
Q

The pectoral girdle in birds is made of what?

A

coracoid bone
clavicle
scapula

40
Q

Wing bones are made up of what?

A 
humerus
radius
ulna
carpal bones
metacarpals
phalanges
alula
41
Q

What is the name of the bone that represents remnants of the thumb?

A

alula

42
Q

How many chambers does the bird heart have?

A

4

43
Q

How much bigger is the bird heart over the mammalian heart?

A

1.5-2x

44
Q

What does bird anatomy lack?

A

lymph nodes

gall bladder

45
Q

What is the system that shunts blood from the caudal half of the body so that it can go to the kidney before going to the heart?

A

renal portal system

46
Q

The bird renal system produces mainly what?

A

urates

urine

47
Q

What renal value is good for measuring renal function in birds?

A

uric acid

48
Q

What sense is not important in birds?

A

smell

49
Q

The eyes of the bird makes up what percent of its body weight?

A

15%

50
Q

Do birds have a third eyelid?

A

yes

51
Q

Do bird pupils constrict when nervous?

A

yes

52
Q

Do birds have a tapetum lucidum?

A

no

53
Q

What is the name for the upper beak?

A

cere

54
Q

What kind of ET tubes should be used in birds?

A

not cuffed

55
Q

What is the bird voice box?

A

syrinx

56
Q

How many airs sacs on average to birds have?

A

9

57
Q

What is the name for abdominal cavity in birds?

A

coleomic cavity

58
Q

What is the ingluvies?

A

crop

59
Q

What bird organ stores food and has perisalsis at least once per minute?

A

crop

60
Q

What is the true glandular stomach in birds?

A

proventriculus

61
Q

What is the another name for the bird gizzard?

A

ventriculus

62
Q

Do all bird species have a cecum and gall bladder?

A

no, only some

63
Q

What kind of bacteria are found in parrot feces?

A

gram positive

64
Q

What kind of bacteria are found in waterfowl, raptors, and poultry?

A

gram negative

65
Q

What is the name for the endpoint for the bird GI, reproductive and urinary tracts?

A

cloaca

66
Q

What anatomical portion receives feces from the rectum?

A

copradeum

67
Q

What anatomical portion receives urine and urates from the ureter and sperm or eggs from the vas deferens and uterus/vagina?

A

urodeum

68
Q

What is the vent area before the opening in birds?

A

proctoodeum

69
Q

What term describes testes in male birds?

A

intra-abdominal

70
Q

What is the equivalent to the penis in birds?

A

phallus

71
Q

Which ovary in birds is functional?

A

left

72
Q

What blood component concentration is 2 times higher in birds than in mammals?

A

glucose

73
Q

What do birds have instead of neutrophils?

A

heterophils

74
Q

What kind of RBCs do birds have?

A

NRBCs

75
Q

What is the lifespan of a bird NRBC?

A

38 days

76
Q

Bird NRBCs have up to what percent of polychromasia?

A

8%

77
Q

Only what feather group should be trimmed during a wing trim?

A

primary feathers

78
Q

What is the light cycle of a bird?

A

10/14

79
Q

How long does it take for the egg to form in the uterus of a bird in general?

A

24 h

80
Q

What is the incubation period for small birds?

A

18-21 days

81
Q

What is the incubation period for large parrots?

A

26 days

82
Q

If not given the proper nutrition birds can lose what percent of total body weight within 24 hours?

A

24%

83
Q

Can distilled water be given to birds?

A

no

84
Q

Why cannot distilled water be given to birds?

A

insufficient vitamins and salts

85
Q

What is the ideal Ca : P ratio for a bird diet?

A

2:1

86
Q

A deficiency in what vitamin will cause birds to have keratinized mm, sinusitis, and dull feathering?

A

vitamin A

87
Q

An excess of what in diet of birds will cause obesity, blood clotting issues, and metabolic bone disease?

A

fat

88
Q

What kind of bird pellets are not usually cooked, finely ground, and pressed to form pellets?

A

bound pellets

89
Q

What kind of bird pellets are cooked and mixes, then formed into shapes?

A

extruded pellets

90
Q

Parrots should be fed what percent pellets?

A

80%

91
Q

Parrots should be fed what percent green and yellow veggies?

A

20%

92
Q

Budgerigars and cockatiels should be fed what percent seeds?

A

50%

93
Q

Canaries and finches should be fed what percent seeds?

A

50%

Animal Technology VI (26 decks)

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