Autonomics of the Eye (trachte)

Question 1

Define mydriasis

Answer 1

Contraction of pupillary dilator muscle

Question 2

Sympathetic effects on the eye

Answer 2

contract pupillary dilator muscle
contract superior tarsal muscle
relax ciliary muscle
enhance aqueous humor formation

Question 3

define miosis

Answer 3

contraction of pupillary constrictor muscle

Question 4

parasympathetic actions on the eye

Answer 4

contract ciliary muscle (associated with near vision)
constrict the pupillary sphinctor
enhance drainage of aqueous humor

Question 5

Receptors of parasympathetic system

Answer 5

muscarinic

Question 6

Type of receptor that contracts the pupillary dilater muscle

Answer 6

Alpha 1

Question 7

type of receptor that contracts the superior tarsal muscle

Answer 7

alpha 1

Question 8

type of receptor relaxes ciliary muscle

Answer 8

beta 2

Question 9

type of receptor that enhances aqueous humor formation

Answer 9

beta

Question 10

mydriatic agents

Answer 10

amphetamine, phenylephrine, cocaine, atropine and epinephrine

Question 11

miotic agents

Answer 11

pilocarpine, acetylcholine, terazosin, physostigmine, nicotine, reserpine

Question 12

Mechanism of amphetamine

Answer 12

reverses axoplastic pump

response is a normal post ganglionic nerve releases norepinephrine

Question 13

Mechanism of phenylephrine (2.5-10% mydrifrin)

Answer 13

Alpha 1 agonist

reverses ptosis in horner’s syndrome

Question 14

Mechanism of Cocaine

Answer 14

blocks axoplastic pump
Increases [NE] in synapse (or other neurotransmitter)
if cocaine has no effect = sympathetic dysfunction = horner syndrome

Question 15

Mechanism of Atropine

Answer 15

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

produces cycloplegia

Question 16

Epinephrine mechanism

Answer 16

alpha 1 agonist
increases aqueous humor outflow
inhibits aqueous humor formation

Question 17

pilocarpine mechanism

Answer 17

Muscarinic agonist
If response = problem in nerve
No response = problem in eye

Question 18

Mechanism of acetylcholine

Answer 18

muscarine agonist

Question 19

Mechanism of terazosin

Answer 19

alpha 1 antagonist

Question 20

Physostigmine mechanism

Answer 20

anticholinesterase

Question 21

mechanism of nicotine

Answer 21

activates parasympathetic nerves

Question 22

mechanism of reserpine

Answer 22

depletes norepinephrine

Question 23

Mechanism of botulism toxin

Answer 23

suppress acetylcholine release from nerves

Question 24

Treatments for glaucoma

Answer 24

Timolol, pilocarpine, ecathiophate and physostigmine, aproclonidine, acebazolamide

Question 25

Mechanism of timolol

Answer 25

Beta blocker, works to suppress aqueous humor formation

Question 26

Mechanism of ecothiophate

Answer 26

anticholinesterase

Enhances out flow of aqueous humor through meshwork and canal of schlemm

Question 27

Mechanism of aproclonidine

Answer 27

Alpha 2 agonist

Suppress aqueous humor formation

Question 28

acetazolamide mechanism

Answer 28

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

suppress aqueous humor formation

Question 29

Drugs that suppress aqueous humor formation

Answer 29

Timolol, aproclonidine and acetazolamide

Question 30

Drugs that enhance outflow of aqueous humor

Answer 30

pilocarpine, ecothiophate and physostigmine