Autonomics

Question 1

Hemicholinium

Answer 1

Blocks transport of choline into neurons. No acetylcholine synthesis

Question 2

Vesimacol

Answer 2

Prevents loading of Ach into vesicles

Question 3

Botulinum

Answer 3

Blocks release of Ach vesicles

Question 4

Metyrosine

Answer 4

Blocks conversion of tyrosine to dopa

Question 5

Reserpine

Answer 5

Blocks packaging of dopamine into vesicles

Question 6

Bethanecol

Answer 6

Muscarinic agonist that moves bowel and bladder. Used for postop ileus and urinary retention

Question 7

Carbachol

Answer 7

Used for glaucoma and relief of intraocular pressure.

Question 8

Pilocarpine

Answer 8

Used for glaucoma. Stimulates sweat, tears, soliva

Question 9

Methacholine

Answer 9

Used to bronchoconstrict for asthma tests

Question 10

Neostigmine

Answer 10

ACHe inhibitor used to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Also used in myesthenia gravis. NO CNS penetration

Question 11

Physostigmine

Answer 11

Penetrates CNS, used in atropine poisoning.

Question 12

Pyridostigmune

Answer 12

used for myesthenia gravis

Question 13

Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

Answer 13

Ache inhibitors used to increase cognitive ability

Question 14

Edrophonium

Answer 14

Short lasting ache inhibitor used to diagnose MG

Question 15

Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning

Answer 15

Organophosphates irreversibly inhibit ACHE. Causes bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, diarrhea, lacrimation, unination, miosis, salivation.

Treat with atropine and pralidoxime.

Poisoning usually seen in farmers.

Question 16

Atropine

Answer 16

Muscarinic antagonist used for the eye. Causes mydriasis and cycloplegia

Question 17

Benztropine

Answer 17

Antimuscarinic used for PD

Question 18

Scopolamine

Answer 18

Antimuscarinic used for motion sickness

Question 19

Ipratropium/tiotropium

Answer 19

Used for asthma/COPD

Question 20

Oxybutynin/darifenacin/solifenacin

Answer 20

Used to reduce urgency in cystitis

Question 21

Glycopyrollate

Answer 21

Preoperative use to reduce airway secretions. Also used in peptic ulcers

Question 22

Epinephrine

Answer 22

Beta>alpha.

Question 23

Norepinephrine

Answer 23

a1>a2>b

Question 24

Isoproterenol

Answer 24

B1=b2 agonist

Question 25

Dopamine

Answer 25

D1=D2>b>a.

Question 26

Dobutamine

Answer 26

B1>b2=a. Used for heart failure. Has inotropic effects.

Question 27

Phenylephrine

Answer 27

A1>a2

Question 28

Albuterol

Answer 28

B2>b1

Question 29

Treat cocaine intoxication with beta blockers?

Answer 29

NO WAY! unopposed alpha effects can lead to extreme hypertension

Question 30

A2 agonists

Answer 30

Clonidine = used for hypertensive urgency, also ADHD and severe pain

Methyldopa - used to treat hypertension in pregnancy

Question 31

Methyldopa side effects

Answer 31

Coombs positive hemolytic anemia, SLE like syndrome

Question 32

Nonselective Alpha blockers

Answer 32

Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)- used to treat pheochromocytoma
Phentolamine (reversible) - used in tyramine crisis

Question 33

A1 selective alpha blockers

Answer 33

Prazosin, tamulosin, doxazosin. Used to treat the urinary symptoms of bph (relax bladder). Prazosin also used to treat PTSD.

Can cause first dose hypertension, dizziness, headache

Question 34

A2 blocker

Answer 34

Mirtazepine used for depression

Sedation, increased serum cholesterol, increased appetite

Question 35

B1 selective antagonists

Answer 35

Acebutolol, betaxolol, carvedilol, esmolol, atenolol

Question 36

Non selective beta antagonists

Answer 36

Nadolol, pindolol, propanolol, timolol

Question 37

Nonselective alpha and beta antagonists

Answer 37

Carvedilol, labetalol

Question 38

Toxicity of beta blockers

Answer 38

Impotence, sedation, depression, dyslipidemia (metoprolol). CAN use in diabetics regardless of theoretical risks.