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My Sketchy Pharm > Autonomic - Sympathomimetics > Flashcards

Autonomic - Sympathomimetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different receptors for sympathomimetics and what G proteins are they each coupled to?

A

Alpha 1 - Gq
Alpha 2 - Gi
Beta 1 - Gs
Beta 2 -Gs

(QISS)

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2
Q

What is alpha 1 coupled to and what does it lead to?

A

Gq —> IP3 cascade —> increased cellular calcium (3 dogs in front of alpha 1 cabin with a calcium bone)

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3
Q

How does activation of alpha 1 receptors affect small arteries, venous return, and mean arterial pressure?

A

Increase peripheral arterial resistance (vasoconstriction of small arteries), elevates MAP, and increased venous return (Venoconstriction)

(Pulled red and blue leashes of dogs and increasing map camper is holding)

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4
Q

How does alpha 1 activation affect the eyes?

A

Activates pupillary dilator muscle which cause mydriasis (dilation). (Alpha 1 scout with binocular that look like dilated pupils)

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5
Q

_______ causes urethral sphincter and prostatic smooth muscle contraction.

A

Alpha 1 activation (alpha 1 scout pulling drawstring of shorts)

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6
Q

What can alpha 1 activation treat?

A

Hypovolemic shock

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7
Q

What does activation of alpha 2 receptors cause? How do they affect sympathetic tone?

A

Inhibition of neurotransmitter release. Decreased sympathetic tone. (“No sympathy” graffiti on alpha 2 cabin)

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8
Q

What is the alpha 2 receptor coupled with and what does it lead to?

A

Coupled with Gi —> IP3-DAG cascade —> decreased cAMP

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9
Q

What activation of alpha 2 receptors lead to?

A
  • decreasing insulting release from pancreatic islet cells (rolled in “welcome inside” mat)
  • inhibits lipolysis and release of fatty acids (alpha 2 scout dousing roasting pig)
  • decreased aqueous humor production from ciliary body (alpha 2 scout empty water from eyeball hat)
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10
Q

What drug is used to treat chronic open angle glaucoma?

A

Brimonidine which is an alpha 2 agonist by decreasing aqueous humor production (brim of eyeball hat being held by camper from alpha 2 camp dousing the pig)

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11
Q

What are beta receptors paired with and what does it lead to?

A

Gs receptors which increased cAMP (I heart band cAMP shirts worn by beta campers)

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12
Q

Where are beta 1 receptors found?

A

Cardiac myocytes

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13
Q

What does beta 1 activation lead to?

A
  • increase contractility and accelerates HR (elevated heart clock and buff contracted muscle of beta camper with the i love band camp shirt)
  • increased cardiac output (heart fire hydrant exploding)
  • increases renin release (person holding umbrella under fire hydrant spewing water)
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14
Q

What does beta 2 activation lead to?

A
  • bronchodilation (increased cycle cAMP —> PKA) (beta 2 camper with tuba gasping for air)
  • coronary and skeletal muscle vasodilation —> decreases systemic vascular resistance (beta 2 camper with dilated big sleeves)
  • decreased diastolic blood pressure (beta 2 camper with dangling diamond earrings)
  • stimulates lipolysis and release of free fatty acids from human fat cells (beta 2 camper roasting a pig)
  • promotion of gluconeogensis from liver (beta 2 camper producing marshmallows from liver bag)
  • increased in insulin release from pancreatic islet cells (welcome inside mat)
  • increase aqueous humor production at ciliary body (beta 2 camper filling eyeball balloon)
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15
Q

Side effect of beta 2 activation?

A

Hypokalemia due to increased insulin activity

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16
Q

What kind of drug is phenylphrine?

A

Alpha 1 agonist (flannel friends in alpha camp)

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17
Q

What does phenyephrine treat?

A

Nasal congestion by reducing edema of nasal mucosa (flannel friend’s nasal spray)

18
Q

How does phenylephrine affect eyes?

A

Cause mydriasis by activating the pupillary dilator muscle

19
Q

How does phenylephrine affect MAP, diastolic pressure and systolic pressure?

A

Increased MAP (increases SVR), increases systolic pressure (alpha 1 arteriolar constriction) and increases diastolic pressure (alpha 1 venous constriction)

(MAP that flannel friends is holding)

20
Q

What causes reflex bradycardia?

A

Phenylephrine and norepinephrine

21
Q

What sort of drug is norepinephrine?

A

Primarily an alpha 1 agonist but has some beta 1 activity (north scout on the alpha camp but also blowing a beta bugle)

22
Q

How does norepinephrine affect systolic, diastolic and MAP?

A

Increases all of them through venous and arteriolar constriction and also increased MAP by increased SVR

23
Q

What beta activity does norepinephrine have?

A

Increasing cardiac contractility

24
Q

What drugs treat hypovolemic shock/septic shock?

A

Phenylephrine and norepinephrine (septic tank on alpha camp)

25
Q

Does norepinephrine increase or decrease pulse pressure?

A

Increase

26
Q

What suffix do all beta 2 agonists used for bronchodilation have?

A

-“rol” suffix (albuterol, formoterol, salmeterol)

“ROL” call sheet used by the beta 2 tuba player

27
Q

What drug is an effective dose dependent vasoconstrictor and cardiac stimulator?

A

Epinephrine (epic kiss between alpha and beta camps)

28
Q

At low doses what effect of epinephrine predominant? At low doses what physiologic effects does epinephrine cause?

A

It’s beta agonist effects. Decreased diastolic pressure.

Low side of raft towards beta camp, diamond falling off low side of raft

29
Q

What physiologic effects does epinephrine cause?

A
  • bronchodilation (beta 2 effects) (beta 2 tuba girl with inhaler)
  • increased HR and cardiac interactivity (beta 1 effects) (elevated heart watch and buff contracted arm of girl on raft)
30
Q

At high doses of epinephrine, which effects predominate? What physiologic effects happen at high doses of epinephrine?

A

Alpha agonist effects predominate. Vasoconstriction and increased SVR.

(High side of raft on alpha side)

31
Q

How does epinephrine affect systolic, diastolic, MAP and pulse pressure?

A

Increases systolic, decreases diastolic, increase in pulse pressure, and increase in MAP

(MAP on the epic raft)

32
Q

What drug is preferred during an anaphylactic shock and why?

A

Epinephrine. It is preferred because alpha 1 counteracts vasodilation, beta 1 improved blood flow to tissues, and beta 2 opens up airways.

(Ana + Phil sign on raft)

33
Q

What type of drug is dobutamin?

A

It is primarily a beta 1 agonist but has some beta 2 activity

(Girl with just do bugling shirt but also has a tuba strapped to her back)

34
Q

What beta 1 effects does dobutamine have and what does it treat?

A

Increases HR, contractility, cardiac output to treat refractory heart failure (wind up heart flashlight held by girl wearing “just do bugling” shirt and tube on back)

35
Q

How does dobutamine affect pulse pressure, systolic, and diastolic?

A

Increases pulse pressure, increase systolic (beta 1 increase in CO) and decrease in diastolic (beta 2 arteriolar dilation)

(Map being held by dobutamine tuba holding, “just do bugling” shirt wearing girl)

36
Q

What drug can be used for cardiogenic shock and how?

A

Dobutamine, increases contractility and cardiac output

Batteries falling out of heart flashlight

37
Q

What drug can be used to induced heart stress test in people who are unable to physically to be able to identify areas of ischemia?

A

Dobutamine

38
Q

What type of drug is isoproterenol?

A

It is both a beta 1 and beta 2 agonist

39
Q

What physiologic effects does isoproterenol have?

A
  • increases HR and contractility (beta-1 effects) (tunnel camper’s elevated heart watch and contracted biceps)
  • vasodilation which decreases SVR (beta 2 effects) (tunnel campers dilated sleeves)
  • decreases diastolic pressure (beta 2 activation and decreased SVR) (tunnel campers diamond earrings)
40
Q

How does isoproterenol affect MAP, diastolic, systolic, and pulse pressure?

A

Decreases MAP (beta 2 decrease in SVR), decreases diastolic (beta 2 arteriolar dilation), increase pulse pressure (potent beta 1 activity) and systolic stays about the same

(MAP on the tunnel)

41
Q

What physiologic effects do ritodine and terbutaline (beta-2 agonist) have? What does it prevent

A

Relaxes uterine smooth muscle to prevent premature labor

My Sketchy Pharm (7 decks)

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