Autonomic Physiology Flashcards
the nervous system can be divided into what two minor systems?
CNS and PNS
two subsystems of the PNS
1). Autonomic Nervous System 2). Somatic Nervous System
two subsystems of the Somatic Nervous System
Sensory (afferent), Motor (efferent)
two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
what type of receptors does the sympathetic nervous system utilize?
Adrenergic
what type of receptors does the parasympathetic nervous system utilize?
cholinergic receptors
what are the types of adrenergic receptors?
alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2
what are the types of cholinergic receptors?
muscrainic (1, 2, and 3) and nicotinic (neural and muscular)
cholinergic drugs mimic _______
the PNS
anticholinergic drugs suppress ______
the PNS
adrenergic drugs mimic ______
the SNS
alpha and beta-blockers supress _____
the SNS
T/F: within the ANS, two neurons link the CNS to the effector organ
True
Pre/postganglionic fiber length comparision between SNS and PNS
PNS: long mylinated pre and short post
SNS: short mylinated pre and long post
T/F: the synapse between the preganglionic and postganglionic fiber within the ANS is always nicotinic?
True
the sympathetic division can be found exiting which region of the spinal cord?
thoracolumbar (T1-L2)
the parasympathetic division can be found exiting which regions of the spinal cord?
carniosacral (CN 3, 7, 9 and 10; S2-4)
what is the only exception to the 2 neuron rule within the ANS?
adrenal gland within the sympathetic division
which division of the ANS will have more extensive branching?
sympathetic
which division of the ANS tends to create/cause more discrete reactions affecting only 1 organ/tissue?
parasympathetic
effect of SNS on heart?
increased HR (beta-1 and beta2),
increased contractility (beta-1 and beta-2)
effect of PNS on heart
decreased HR (M2)
SNS effect on lung airway muscles
bronchodilation (beta-2)
effect of SNS on lung bronchial secretions
increased secretion (beta-2)
decreased secretion (beta-1)
effect of PNS on lung airway smooth muscles
bronchoconstriction (M3)
effect of PNS on lung bronchial secretions
increased secretion (M3)
effect of SNS on arterioles
vasoconstriction of skin and visera (alpha-1, alpha-2)
vasodilation of skeletal muscle and liver (beta-2)
effect of SNS on liver
glycogenolysis, gluconeogensis (alpha and beta-2)
effect of PNS on liver
glycogen synthesis (M)
catecholamine neurotransmitters
dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine
if activated an excitatory ligand-gated ion channel would cause ______
Na+ or Ca2+ to flow into cell;
K- to flow out
if activated an inhibitory ligand-gated ion channel would cause ______
Cl- to flow into cell
Additional neurotransmitters
Glutamate, GABA, Dopamine, Serotonin, and Histamine
cholinergic muscarnic receptor primary locations
1) . visceral and bronchiole smooth muscle,
2) . Cardiac muscle,
3) . Exocrine glands, salivary,intestinal, lacrimal,
4) . sweat glands
cholinergic muscurinic response to stimulation
1) . viseral/bronchiole smooth muscle - contraction
2) . cardiac - decreased HR
3) . glands - increased secretions
alpha-1 receptor locations
1) . vascular smooth muscle
2) . intestinal smooth muscle
3) . radial muscle iris
4) . Urinary sphincter
5) . Spleen capsule
stimulation of alpha-1 receptors results in ______ everywhere except ______
contraction;
intestinal smooth muscle (relaxation)
location of alpha-2 receptors
CNS inhibitory neurons
response of alpha-2 receptors
decreased sympathetic discharge from CNS
location of beta-1 receptors?
cardiac muscle, kidneys, and fat cells
respones of beta-1 receptors
1) . cardiac muscle - increased HR and contractility
2) . kidney - increased renin secretion
3) . fat cells - increased lipolysis
location of beta-2 receptors
bronchiole smooth muscles, liver and skeletal muscle arterioles and cell, GI smooth muscle, uterus, gallbladder
response of beta-2 receptors in gallbladder and uterus
relaxation
response of beta-2 receptors in skeletal muscle and liver
arterioles - vasodilation
cells - increased metabolism and mass
other responses of beta-2 receptors
bronchiole smooth muscle - bronchodilation
GI smooth muscle - decreased motility
