Autonomic and HTN Flashcards
where are alpha-1 receptors?
vascular smooth muscle
where are alpha-2 receptors?
presynaptic junction
where are beta-1 receptors?
heart, kidneys
where are beta-2 receptors?
Lungs, skeletal muscle blood vessels
where are beta-3 receptors
adipose tissue
stimulation of alpha-1 receptors results in what response?
vasoconstriction/vasodilation
stimulation of alpha-2 receptors results in what responses?
influence of NE release
stimulation of beta-1 receptors results in what responses?
HR, contractility, renin secretion
stimulation of beta-2 receptors results in what respones?
vasoconstriction/vasodilation, bronchoconstriction/bronchodilation
stimulation of beta-3 results in what?
impacts lipolysis
a positive iontropic effect does what?
increase stroke volume
a positive chronotropic effect does what?
increase heart rate
what are the general effects of catecholamines?
sympathommetic - they mimic the SNS
vascular effects of cataecholamines
EPI: peripheral vascular resistance (low = reduced; high = increased)
NE: elevates BP
CNS effects of catecholamines
anxiety, tremors, headache
non-vascular smooth muscle effects of catecholamines
relax smooth muscles of GI tract, urinary retention, bronchodilation
metabolic effects of catecholamines
increase blood glucose, fatty acid levels, insulin secretion inhibition, increase glycogenolysis/glycuneogensis
net effect of epinephrine on all alpha and beta receptors
vasoconstriction & cardiac stimulation
what would epinephrine be used to treat?
anaphylactic shock, cardiogenic shock
how does epinephrine effect alpha receptors?
alpha-1: smooth muscle vasoconstriction
alpha-2: presynaptic receptor
how does epinephrine effect beta-1 receptors?
increase strength/rate of cardiac contractions
how does epinephrine effect beta-2 receptors?
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle,
activates glycogenolysis,
dilates skeletal muscle blood vessels
how does epinephrine effect beta-3 receptors
activates lipolysis
NE mainly effects which receptors?
mainly alpha-1 but will also effect alpha-2 and beta-1
NE has little effect on which receptor?
beta-2
main effect of NE
increases BP, increases peripheral resistance, minimally increased HR
NE used to treat ___
severe hypotension
septic shock
Dopamine is a precursor to ____
NE
Dopamine mainly activates ______
alpha-1 and beta-1 receptors
T/F: catecholamines can be used as vasopressors?
true
main effect of vasopressors
increase vasoconstriction –> increases BP and MAP
MOA of direct acting adrenergic drugs (DAADs)
directly stimulate the alpha or beta receptors
DAADs suffix
end in -rine
MOA of indirect acting adrenergic drugs (IAADs)
enhance effect of NE or Epi by inhibiting their reuptake or degradation; or increasing the release of NE
IAADs are sympatho_____
mimetic –> sympathomimetic –> they mimic the SNS
examples of IAADs
1) . adderall (amphetamine)
2) . Focalin
3) . Vyvanse
4) . cocaine
5) . ephedrine
How does Cocaine work?
inhibits re-uptake of NE, significant vasoconstriction = hypertensive crisis, MI, stroke
how do mixed acting adrenergic drugs (MAADs) work?
work on direct and indirect pathways
rehab concerns for sympathomimetics
1) . OTC cold remedies may contain phenylephrine
2) . may induce: HTN, cardiac arrhythmias, angina
3) . ephedra (weight loss products): cerebral hemorrhage, seizures, and death
effect of SNS on HR and SV
increase
mean arterial pressure (MAP) = _________
CO * peripheral resistance
