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Pharmacology Test 2 > Autonomic and HTN > Flashcards

Autonomic and HTN Flashcards

1
Q

where are alpha-1 receptors?

A

vascular smooth muscle

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2
Q

where are alpha-2 receptors?

A

presynaptic junction

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3
Q

where are beta-1 receptors?

A

heart, kidneys

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4
Q

where are beta-2 receptors?

A

Lungs, skeletal muscle blood vessels

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5
Q

where are beta-3 receptors

A

adipose tissue

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6
Q

stimulation of alpha-1 receptors results in what response?

A

vasoconstriction/vasodilation

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7
Q

stimulation of alpha-2 receptors results in what responses?

A

influence of NE release

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8
Q

stimulation of beta-1 receptors results in what responses?

A

HR, contractility, renin secretion

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9
Q

stimulation of beta-2 receptors results in what respones?

A

vasoconstriction/vasodilation, bronchoconstriction/bronchodilation

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10
Q

stimulation of beta-3 results in what?

A

impacts lipolysis

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11
Q

a positive iontropic effect does what?

A

increase stroke volume

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12
Q

a positive chronotropic effect does what?

A

increase heart rate

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13
Q

what are the general effects of catecholamines?

A

sympathommetic - they mimic the SNS

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14
Q

vascular effects of cataecholamines

A

EPI: peripheral vascular resistance (low = reduced; high = increased)
NE: elevates BP

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15
Q

CNS effects of catecholamines

A

anxiety, tremors, headache

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16
Q

non-vascular smooth muscle effects of catecholamines

A

relax smooth muscles of GI tract, urinary retention, bronchodilation

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17
Q

metabolic effects of catecholamines

A

increase blood glucose, fatty acid levels, insulin secretion inhibition, increase glycogenolysis/glycuneogensis

18
Q

net effect of epinephrine on all alpha and beta receptors

A

vasoconstriction & cardiac stimulation

19
Q

what would epinephrine be used to treat?

A

anaphylactic shock, cardiogenic shock

20
Q

how does epinephrine effect alpha receptors?

A

alpha-1: smooth muscle vasoconstriction

alpha-2: presynaptic receptor

21
Q

how does epinephrine effect beta-1 receptors?

A

increase strength/rate of cardiac contractions

22
Q

how does epinephrine effect beta-2 receptors?

A

relaxes bronchial smooth muscle,
activates glycogenolysis,
dilates skeletal muscle blood vessels

23
Q

how does epinephrine effect beta-3 receptors

A

activates lipolysis

24
Q

NE mainly effects which receptors?

A

mainly alpha-1 but will also effect alpha-2 and beta-1

25
Q

NE has little effect on which receptor?

A

beta-2

26
Q

main effect of NE

A

increases BP, increases peripheral resistance, minimally increased HR

27
Q

NE used to treat ___

A

severe hypotension

septic shock

28
Q

Dopamine is a precursor to ____

A

NE

29
Q

Dopamine mainly activates ______

A

alpha-1 and beta-1 receptors

30
Q

T/F: catecholamines can be used as vasopressors?

A

true

31
Q

main effect of vasopressors

A

increase vasoconstriction –> increases BP and MAP

32
Q

MOA of direct acting adrenergic drugs (DAADs)

A

directly stimulate the alpha or beta receptors

33
Q

DAADs suffix

A

end in -rine

34
Q

MOA of indirect acting adrenergic drugs (IAADs)

A

enhance effect of NE or Epi by inhibiting their reuptake or degradation; or increasing the release of NE

35
Q

IAADs are sympatho_____

A

mimetic –> sympathomimetic –> they mimic the SNS

36
Q

examples of IAADs

A

1) . adderall (amphetamine)
2) . Focalin
3) . Vyvanse
4) . cocaine
5) . ephedrine

37
Q

How does Cocaine work?

A

inhibits re-uptake of NE, significant vasoconstriction = hypertensive crisis, MI, stroke

38
Q

how do mixed acting adrenergic drugs (MAADs) work?

A

work on direct and indirect pathways

39
Q

rehab concerns for sympathomimetics

A

1) . OTC cold remedies may contain phenylephrine
2) . may induce: HTN, cardiac arrhythmias, angina
3) . ephedra (weight loss products): cerebral hemorrhage, seizures, and death

40
Q

effect of SNS on HR and SV

A

increase

41
Q

mean arterial pressure (MAP) = _________

A

CO * peripheral resistance

Pharmacology Test 2 (9 decks)

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