Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Autonomic Nervous System Drugs > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Classifications of drugs acting on the ANS

A

Adrenergic Agents
Adrenergic Blocking Agents
Cholinergic Agents
Cholinergic Blocking Agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is
sometimes called the ___ because it mostly functions with the person having little conscious awareness of its activity.

A

Involuntary or Visceral Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ANS work closely with what system

A

Endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ANS integrates parts of the ___ and ___ to automatically react to changes in the internal and external environments

A

CNS and PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

also called a sympathomimetic drug because it mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).

A

adrenergic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adrenergic drugs are also called

A

sympathomimetic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

groups of adrenergic drugs according to chemicals

A

catecholamines and noncatecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

categories of action of adrenergic drugs

A

direct-acting
indirect-acting
dual-acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adrenergic drug action in which the drug acts directly on the organ or tissue
innervated (supplied with nerves or nerve impulses) by the sympathetic
nervous system

A

direct-acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

adrenergic drug action in which the drug triggers the release of a
neurotransmitter, usually norepinephrine

A

indirect-acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

adrenergic drug action in which the drug has direct and indirect actions.

A

dual-acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

examples of catecholamines

A

dobutamine
dopamine
ephedrine
epinephrine
isoproterenol
metaraminol
norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

These drugs generally are
indicated for the treatment of
hypotensive states or shock,
bronchospasm, and some
types of asthma

A

alpha and beta adrenergic agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When catecholamines combine with alpha-adrenergic receptors or beta-adrenergic receptors, they cause

A

excitatory or inhibitory effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Typically, activation of alpha-adrenergic
receptors generates an

A

excitatory response except intestinal relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Activation of
the beta-adrenergic receptors mostly
produces an

A

inhibitory response except in cells of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

beta-adrenergic receptors activation causes the __ to produce excitatory effect in the cells of the heart

A

norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Catecholamines that stimulate beta1-
adrenergic receptors are used to treat:

A

bradycardia
heart block
low cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

beta1-adrenergic drugs are used
to treat:

A

ventricular fibrillation
asystole
cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

quivering of the
ventricles resulting in no pulse

A

ventricular fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

no electrical activity in the heart

A

asystole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Catecholamines that exeractivity are used to treat:

A

acute and chronic bronchial asthma
emphysema
bronchitis
acute hypersensitivity reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dopamine stimulates what receptor

A

dopaminergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DRUGS UNDER ALPHA-SPECIFIC
ADRENERGIC AGONISTS

A

clonidine
midodrine
phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Use to manage and treat bronchial spasm asthma, and other obstructive
pulmonary conditions

A

beta-specific adrenergic agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

BETA-SPECIFIC ADRENERGIC AGONISTS examples

A

albuterol
isoetharine
metaproterenol
salmeterol
bitolterol
levalbuterol
pirbuterol
terbutaline
isoproterenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Are called sympatholytic drugs because they lyse, or block, the effects of sympathetic nervous system

A

Adrenergic blocking agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

types of adrenergic blocking agents

A

alpha-and-beta adrenergic blocking drugs
nonselective alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
ALPHA1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC
BLOCKING AGENTS
NONSELECTIVE BETA-ADRENERGIC
BLOCKING AGENTS
BETA1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC
BLOCKINGAGENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Phentolamine blocks the ___
receptors, decreasing sympathetic tone in the vasculature and
causing vasodilation, which leads to a lowering of blood pressure

A

postsynaptic alpha1-adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Phentolamine also blocks ___, preventing the feedback control of norepinephrine release

A

presynaptic alpha 2-receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

DRUG UNDER NONSELECTIVEALPHA-ADRENERGIC
BLOCKING AGENTS

A

phentolamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

These drugs do not block the presynaptic alpha2-receptor sites, the
reflex tachycardia that accompanies a fall in blood pressure does
not occur.

A

ALPHA1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

DRUGS UNDER ALPHA1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING
AGENTS

A

Alfuzosin
Doxazosin
Prazosin
Tamsulosin
Terazosin

34
Q

DRUGS UNDER NONSELECTIVE BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING
AGENTS

A

❏ Carteolol (Cartrol),
❏ Nadolol (Corgard),
❏ Nebivolol (Bystolic),
❏ Penbutolol (Levator),
❏ Pindolol (Visken),
❏ Propranolol (Inderal),
❏ Sotalol (Betapace, Betapace AF),
❏ Timolol (Blocadren, Timoptic)

35
Q

DRUGS UNDER BETA-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING
AGENTS

A

❏ Acebutolol (Sectral)
❏ Atenolol (Tenormin)
❏ Betaxolol (Kerlone, Betoptic)
❏ Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
❏ Esmolol (Brevibloc)
❏ Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL).

36
Q

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists occupy
receptor sites for ACh on the membranes of the effector cells of the postganglionic cholinergic nerves, causing increased stimulation of the cholinergic
receptor

A

cholinergic agents

37
Q

cholinergic agonists work either

A

directly or indirectly

38
Q

these are cholinergic agonists that act at cholinergic receptors in the peripheral nervous system to mimic the effects of ACh and parasympathetic stimulation.

A

direct-acting cholinergic agonists

39
Q

are similar to Ach and react directly with receptor sites to cause the same reaction as if Ach had stimulated the receptor sites.
These drugs usually stimulate muscarinic receptors within the parasympathetic system.

A

direct-acting cholinergic agonists

40
Q

drugs belonging to direct-acting cholinergic agonists

A
  1. Bethanechol (Duvoid, Urecholine)
  2. Carbachol (Miostat)
  3. Cevimeline (Evoxac)
  4. pilocarpine (Pilocar, Salagen)
41
Q

There is an increased risk of cholinergic effects if direct-acting cholinergic
drugs are combined or given with

A

acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors

42
Q

acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors examples

A

neostigmine
tacrine

43
Q

The ____ do not react directly with ACh receptor sites; instead, they react chemically with acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft to prevent it from breaking down ACh

A

indirect-acting cholinergic agonists

44
Q

indirect-acting cholinergic agonists work at all ___ receptor sites

A

ACh receptor sites

45
Q

The reversible indirect-acting cholinergic agonists fall into two main categories:

A

(1) agents used to treat
myasthenia gravis
(2) agents used to treat Alzheimer
disease.

46
Q

is a chronic muscular disease caused by a defect in neuromuscular transmission. It is thought to be an autoimmune disease in which patients make antibodies to their ACh receptors.

A

myasthenia gravis

47
Q

Drugs belong to Agents for
Myasthenia Gravis :

A
  1. Ambenonium (Mytelase)
  2. Edrophonium (Tensilon, Enlon)
  3. Neostigmine (Prostigmine)
  4. Pyridostigmine (Regonol, Mestinon)
48
Q

is a progressive disorder involving neural degeneration in the cortex that leads
to a marked loss of memory and of the ability to carry on activities of daily living.

A

Alzheimer’s disease

49
Q

Drugs belong toAgents for Alzheimer
Disease:

A
  1. Tacrine (Cognex)
  2. Galantamine (Razadyne)
  3. Rivastigmine (Exelon)
  4. Donepezil (Aricept)
50
Q

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are also known as

A

anticholinesterase inhibitors

51
Q

antidote in case of indirect-acting cholinergic agonists overdose or severe cholinergic reaction.

A

atropine sulfate

52
Q

Mark the patient’s chart and notify the surgeon if the patient is to undergo surgery because prolonged muscle relaxation may
occur if ___ anesthetics are used

A

succinylcholine-type anesthetics

53
Q

Drugs that blocks or Inhibits the actions of
acetylcholine (ACh) in the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS).

A

Cholinergic Blocking Agents

54
Q

Drugs that are used to block the effects of acetylcholine are called

A

anticholinergic drugs

55
Q

cholinergic blocking agents or anticholinergic drugs act by lysing or blocks, the effects of the parasympathetic
nervous system, they are also called

A

parasympatholytic agents

56
Q

CHOLINERGIC BLOCKERS GROUPED ACCORDING TO CHEMICAL CLASS:

A

❏ NATURAL PLANT ALKALOIDS
❏ SYNTHETIC AND SEMISYNTHETIC DRUGS

57
Q

ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTS ARE THE FOLLOWING:

A
  1. Atropine (generic)
  2. Dicyclomine (Antispas, Dibent)
  3. Flavoxate (Urispas)
  4. Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
  5. Hyoscyamine (Anaspaz, Symax, others)
  6. Ipratropium (Atrovent)
  7. Methscopolamine (Pamine)
  8. Propantheline (Pro-Banthine)
  9. Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)
  10. Tiotropium (Spiriva)
  11. Trospium (Sanctura)
58
Q

The anticholinergic drugs competitively block the acetylcholine receptors at the ___ that are responsible for mediating the effects of the parasympathetic postganglionic impulses.

A

muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites

59
Q

enzyme responsible for the immediate
breakdown of acetylcholine when released from the nerve ending;
prevents overstimulation of cholinergic receptor sites

A

acetylcholinesterase

60
Q

receptor sites on effectors that respond to
norepinephrine/epinephrine alpha-receptors: adrenergic receptors
that are found in smooth muscles

A

adrenergic receptors

61
Q

portion of the central and peripheral
nervous systems that, with the endocrine system, functions to maintain internal homeostasis

A

autonomic nervous system

62
Q

adrenergic receptors that are found in the heart, lungs, and vascular smooth muscle cholinergic receptors: receptor sites on effectors that respond to acetylcholine

A

beta receptors

63
Q

enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine to make it inactive

A

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

64
Q

cholinergic receptors that also respond to stimulation by muscarine

A

muscarinic receptors

65
Q

cholinergic receptors that also respond to stimulation by nicotine

A

nicotinic receptors

66
Q

“rest-and-digest” response mediator

A

parasympathetic nervous system

67
Q

“fight-or-flight” response mediator

A

sympathetic nervous system

68
Q

stimulates the adrenergic receptors of the
sympathetic nervous system, either directly (by reacting with receptor sites)
or indirectly (by increasing norepinephrine levels)

A

adrenergic agonist drug

69
Q

specifically stimulates the alpha-receptors within the sympathetic nervous system, causing body responses seen when the
alpha-receptors are stimulated

A

alpha agonists

70
Q

specifically stimulating to the beta-receptors within the sympathetic
nervous system, causing body responses seen when the beta-receptors are
stimulated

A

beta-agonists

71
Q

the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) with the signs and symptoms seen when the SNS is stimulated

A

sympathomimetic agents

72
Q

a drug’s affinity for only adrenergic receptor sites; certain drugs may have specific affinity for only alpha- or only
beta-adrenergic receptor sites alpha1-selective

A

adrenergic-receptor-site specificity

73
Q

drugs that block the postsynaptic alpha1-receptor sites, causing a decrease in vascular tone and a vasodilation that leads to a fall in blood pressure; these drugs do not block the presynaptic alpha2-receptor sites, and therefore the reflex tachycardia that accompanies a fall in blood pressure does not occur

A

adrenergic blocking agents

74
Q

drugs that, at therapeutic levels,
selectively block the beta-receptors of the sympathetic nervous system

A

beta-adrenergic blocking agents

75
Q

drugs that, at therapeutic levels, specifically block the beta1-receptors in the
sympathetic nervous system while not blocking the beta2-receptors and resultant effects on the respiratory system

A

beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agents

76
Q

relaxation of the muscles in the bronchi, resulting in a widening of the bronchi; an effect of sympathetic stimulation

A

bronchodilation

77
Q

a drug that lyses, or blocks, the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

A

sympatholytic

78
Q

responding to acetylcholine; refers to receptor sites stimulated by acetylcholine, as well as neurons that release acetylcholine

A

cholinergic agonists

79
Q

mimicking the effects of the parasympathetic nervous
system, leading to bradycardia, hypotension, pupil constriction, increased
gastrointestinal secretions and activity, increased bladder tone, relaxation of
sphincters, and bronchoconstriction

A

parasympathomimetic

80
Q

drug that opposes the effects of acetylcholine at acetylcholine receptor sites

A

anticholinergic

81
Q

a plant that contains atropine as an alkaloid; used to dilate
the pupils as a fashion statement in the past; used in herbal medicine
much as atropine is used today

A

belladonna

82
Q

lysing or preventing parasympathetic effects

A

parasympatholytic

Pharmacology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions