Autonomic Nervous System Drugs

Question 1

What is nervous system?

Answer 1

It is the network of nerve cells and fibers which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body

Question 2

What are the functions of nervous system?

Answer 2

1. Regulates the internal and external environment of the body.
2. Change the current homeostasis to adapt on changes.
3. Transmits signal all throughout the body.

Question 3

What are the two parts of nervous system?

Answer 3

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

Question 4

What are the five steps of synaptic transmission?

Answer 4

1. Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic nerve terminal.
2. Storage of the neurotransmitter in secretory vesicles.
3. Regulated release of neurotransmitter in the synaptic space between the pre- and post-synaptic neurons.
4. The presence of specific receptors for the neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane, such that application of the neurotransmitter to the synapse mimics the effects of nerve stimulation.
5. A means for termination of the action of the released neurotransmitter.

Question 5

What are sympathetic used for?

Answer 5

It is used to manage and treat cardiovascular pathology, hypersensitivity, COPD, and glaucoma.

Question 6

What are parasympathetic used for?

Answer 6

It is used for glaucoma, sjögren syndrome and underactive bladder.

Question 7

What is the function of afferent neurons?

Answer 7

It sends impulse to the CNS.

Question 8

What is the function of efferent neurons?

Answer 8

It receives impulses, transmits through the spinal cord to effector organ cells.

Question 9

What is the functions of Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 9

1. It regulates the heart rate
2. Acts as a regulator of secretory glands
3. It regulates the smooth glands.

Question 10

It is when the autonomic drugs are given. The goal is not to treat an autonomic disorder, it is to correct disorders of target organs through autonomic nerves.

Answer 10

Pharmacologic effect

Question 11

What are the two parts of Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 11

Sympathetic/adrenergic and parasympathetic/cholinergic

Question 12

This is the terminal neurotransmitter of sympathetic.

Answer 12

Norepinephrine

Question 13

This is the neurotransmitter of parasympathetic.

Answer 13

Acetylcholine

Question 14

It has a catechol ring and amines.

(Adrenergic agonists)

Answer 14

Catecholamines

Question 15

It has no catechol ring.

Answer 15

Noncatecholamines

Question 16

What is the side effects of adrenergic agents?

Answer 16

1. Tissue necrosis
2. Tachycardia, palpitations, tremors and dizziness
3. Urinary retention r/t high doses
4. Nausea and vomitting

Question 17

What could be an antidote for the side effects of adrenergic agents?

Answer 17

phentolamine Mesylate (Regitine) for extravasation of norepinephrine and dopamine

Question 18

What is orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 18

It is a decrease of 20 mmHG or more in systolic and a decrease of 10 mmHg or more in dystolic. It usually happen when there’s a sudden change of position of the body.

Question 19

It mimics the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Answer 19

Cholinergic agonists

Question 20

What are the examples of anti-muscarinic agents?

Answer 20

1. Atropine
2. Cyclopentolate
3. Scopolamine
4. Ipatropium