Antibiotic Drugs

Question 1

What is antibacterial drugs

(antibiotics)

Answer 1

Subtances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria and other microorganisms.

Question 2

What is the difference between antiseptic and disinfectants?

Answer 2

Antiseptics are used in living tissue and primarily inhibits growth of organisms (bacteriostatic). On the other hand, disinfectants are used in non living objects and kills organisms (bactericidal)

Question 3

What are the five mechanisms of antibacterial action?

Answer 3

1. Inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis.
2. Alteration of membrane permeability
3. Inhibition of protein synthesis
4. Inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA
5. Interference with metabolism within the cell.

Question 4

How does antibiotic works?

Answer 4

Antibacterial drugs penetrate the bacterial cell wall and have an affinity for the bacteria’s binding sites.

Question 5

Why there is antibiotic resistance?

Answer 5

1. Taking antibiotics without prescription; the bacteria adapt to the medication and becomes resistant.
2. Not taking the medicine properly; did not finish the medication

Question 6

What are the host factors?

Answer 6

1. Immune system
2. Site of infection
3. Age
4. Pregnancy

Question 7

What are the uses of Prophylactic?

Answer 7

1. Prevention for clients with GIT, cardio, orthopedic or gynecologic.
2. Prevention of STI’s following sexual exposure

Question 8

Limit the prophylactic use to the patient with?

Answer 8

1. Prosthetic heart valves
2. Recurring urinary tract infections

Question 9

What is the nursing intervention prior allergies in taking penicillin?

Answer 9

1. Interview client for prior allergy.
2. Advise the client to wear an identification bracelet.
3. Observe client for 30 mins following administration of parenteral penicillin.

Question 10

Contraindications of penicillin

Answer 10

• Who have severe allergies
• Have or at risk of kidney dysfunction
• Pregnancy category B

Question 11

What are the antibiotics affecting protein syntheis?

Answer 11

1. Tetracyclines
2. Macrolides
3. Aminoglycosides

Question 12

Why does the nurse advice the patient not to take tetracyclines before lying down?

Answer 12

Because it could increase the risk of esopgaeal ulceration.

Question 13

What is macrolides?

Answer 13

Bacteriostatic but with high enough concentrations may be bacteriacidal via binding with 50s ribosomes.

Question 14

What are the most common macrolides?

Answer 14

1. Azithromycin
2. Clarithromycin
3. Erythromycin

Question 15

What is the maning of RIPES?

Answer 15

R- rifampicin
I- isoniazid
P- pyrazinamide
E- ethambutol
S- streptomycin