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Pharmacology Test 2 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

4
Q

Adrenergic

A

Refers to the SNS

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5
Q

Cholinergic

A

refers to the PSNS

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6
Q

Parasympathetic

-Components

A

Release Acetylcholine from both pre and post ganglionic sites

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7
Q

Sympathetic components

A

Release Acetylcholine from pre ganglion and

NorEpinepherine from post ganglionic site

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8
Q

Adrenergic Receptors

-Alpha 1 & 2

A
  1. Arteriole constriction
  2. Pupil dilation
  3. GI smooth muscle relaxation
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9
Q

Adrenergic Receptors

-Beta 1

A
  1. Increase heart Rate
  2. Increase contractility
  3. Increase automaticity & conduction
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10
Q

Adrenergic Receptors

-Beta 2

A
  1. Bronchodilation
  2. Arteriole constriction
  3. Glycogenolysis
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11
Q

Adrenergic’s

-Therapeutic Uses

A
  1. Hemodynamic compromise
    - Shock, acute CHF, arrhythmias
  2. Bronchospasms, asthma
  3. Nasal and sinus congestion
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12
Q

Specific Adrenergic drugs

A
  1. Epinephrine / norepinephrine
  2. Phenylphrine
  3. Dopamine
  4. Albuterol
  5. Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
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13
Q

Adrenergic

-contraindications / precautions

A
  • Narrow-angle glaucoma
  • pheochromocytoma

Use caution w/:
-Heart disease, CAD, arrhythmias, CHF, peripheral vascular disease

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14
Q

Adrenergic’s

-Drug interactions

A

Any Med that would stimulate the CNS

  • MAOI’s
  • Alcohol
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • theophylline
  • Atropine
  • Antihistamines
  • Any alpha or beta blockers
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15
Q

Adrenergic’s

-Adverse Reactions

A
  1. Nervousness/ tremor/anxiety
  2. Dysrhythmias
  3. Hypertension
  4. Cardiac ischemia
  5. Elevated glucose levels
  6. pupil dilation
  7. tissue necrosis
  8. Headache, insomnia / GI and bladder involvement
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16
Q

Adrenergic

-Implications

A
  1. Monitor BP, HR, anginal pain

2. Teach pt’s w/ CAD to watch OTC meds

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17
Q 
Adrenergic Antagonists (Therapeutic Uses)
-Hypertension
A

Alpha and beta 1, beta 2

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18
Q 
Adrenergic Antagonists (Therapeutic Uses)
-Tachycardias
A

beta 1

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19
Q 
Adrenergic Antagonists (Therapeutic Uses)
-Congestive heart disease
A

beta 1

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20
Q 
Adrenergic Antagonists (Therapeutic Uses)
-Angina
A

beta 1

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21
Q 
Adrenergic Antagonists (Therapeutic Uses)
-pupil constriction
A

Beta

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22
Q 
Adrenergic Antagonists (Therapeutic Uses)
-Increase peripheral blood flow
A

Alpha

Beta 2

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23
Q 
Adrenergic Antagonists (Therapeutic Uses)
-BPH
24
Q 
Adrenergic Antagonists (Therapeutic Uses)
-Migraine Headache
25
Q

Atenolol

A
  1. Adrenergic Antagonists treats:

- Hypertension, AMI, arrhythmia

26
Q

Inderal

A
  1. Adrenergic antagonist that treats migraine’s
27
Q

Adrenergic Antagonist’s

-Contraindications

A
  1. Ischemic Heart disease
  2. Hypotension
  3. Asthma (extreme caution)
  4. Diabetes (caution)
  5. Some dysrhythmias
28
Q

Adrenergic Antagonist’s

-Adverse Reactions

A
  1. Hypotension (orthostatic)
  2. Bradycardia (tachycardia w/ alpha)
  3. Bronchoconstriction
  4. Hypoglycemia
  5. Fatigue/weakness
  6. GI upset (increased motility)
  7. Parasympathetic
29
Q

Adrenergic Antagonist’s

-Implications/Teaching

A
  1. Do not discontinue abruptly
  2. Monitor for orthostatic hypotension, change position slowly
  3. Avoid alcohol, sedatives
  4. Watch BP, P, R
  5. Evenly dose around the clock
  6. Report GI or sexual adverse effects
30
Q

Cholinergic Agents

-Receptor sites include..

A
  1. Muscarinic
    - CNS, heart, smooth muscle of organs (GI), glands
  2. Nicotinic
    - Skeletal muscle, CNS
31
Q

Cholinergic Agents

-Direct Action

A

Stimulates Muscarinic receptors sites (cholinergic Agonist)

32
Q

Cholinergic

-Indirect Action

A

Prevents Ach degradation at synapses (cholinesterase inhibitor)

33
Q

Cholinergic

-Therapeutic Uses (DIRECT ACTING)

A
  1. Urinary retention

2. GI tract Symptoms

34
Q

Cholinergic (INDIRECT ACTING)

-Therapeutic Uses

A
  1. Restore skeletal muscle function
  2. Treatment & diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
  3. Differentiates bt myasthenia and Cholinergic crisis
  4. Slowing of Alzheimer’s disease
35
Q

Cholinergic’s

-Specific Medications

A
  1. Bethanechol (urinary retention)
  2. Metoclopramide (Reglan) (GI motility)
  3. Edrophonium chloride (Tensilon)
    - diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
36
Q

Cholinergic’s

-Contraindications

A
  1. Bradycardia
  2. Hypotension
  3. Urinary tract or intestinal obstruction
  4. Asthma
37
Q

Cholinergic

-ANTIDOTE TEST

A
  1. Atropine is the antidote for cholinergic overdose

2. Alcohol and CNS depressants enhance sedation

38
Q

Cholinergic’s

-Adverse Effect

A
  1. Sedation and drowsiness
  2. Hypotension w/ tachycardia
  3. Excessive salivation
  4. GI symptoms, Diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain
  5. Life threatening pulmonary effects
    - Excessive secretions can cause drowning in fluid **
39
Q

Cholinergic’s

-Implications and Teaching

A
  1. When treating GI symptoms, give 30 min before meal
  2. Watch cholinergic overdose
  3. Have ATROPINE at bedside when doing a TENSILON TEST
  4. Watch for respiratory complications
40
Q

Anticholinergics

A
  1. Mimics sympathetic effects

2. Blocks Ach at muscarinic receptors

41
Q

Anticholinergic’s

-Therapeutic Uses

A
  1. Dry up secretions - mostly pulmonary and salivary
  2. Decrease motility GI and GU
  3. Dilation of pupils
  4. Parkinson disease symptom Control
  5. Treat bronchospasm
  6. Treat CHOLINERGIC CRISIS
42
Q

Anticholinergic’s

-Contraindications

A
  1. Narrow-Angle glaucoma
  2. Myasthenia gravis
  3. Coronary artery disease (caution)
43
Q

Anticholinergic’s

-Drug Interactions

A
  1. Antihistamines
  2. Tricyclic antidepressants
  3. Antacids
43
Q

Basic Nervous system Functions

A
  1. Balance
  2. Survival
  3. Control
  4. Pleasure and enjoyment
  5. Cognitive ability
44
Q

Anticholinergic’s

-Adverse Effects

A
  1. Dryness (mouth, eyes)
  2. Decreases GI and GU motility
  3. Hypertension
  4. Drowsiness, nervousness
  5. Blurred vision
  6. Palpitations and confusion
44
Q

ANS Summary

A
  1. A balance exists between the sympathetic and parasympathetic
  2. Med’s can cause an imbalance in this relationship as well as correct the balance
  3. The receptor site affected determines the outcome of the med seen clinically
45
Q

Anticholinergic’s

-Implications/Teaching

A
  1. Give antacids one hour between anticholinergics
  2. Provide oral care
  3. Watch for sedative reaction w/ meds
  4. Watch for urinary retention & constipation
  5. KNOW HOW TO PROPERLY GIVE ATROPINE
45
Q

ANS Divisions

A

Nervous System
CNS PNS
Somatic Autonomic
SNS PNS

46
Q

Bethanechol

A

Cholinergic drug used for urinary retention

47
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Cholinergic Drug used for GI motility

48
Q

Edrophonium chloride (TENSILON)

A

Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

Pharmacology Test 2 (10 decks)

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