Antibiotics (Specific) Flashcards
Penicillins
-Adverse Effects
- Allergy most common adverse effect
- If client is allergic to penicillin, avoid cephalosporins
- cross sensitivity - Diarrhea, N/V ANAPHYLAXIS, super-infections
- Skin rash; decreased RBC, WBC, or platelet count
Penicillins
-Contraindication
- Previous hypersensitivity to penicillins (cross-sensitivity w/ cephalosporins) Avoid cephalosporins if there is allergy to penicillin
Penicillins
-Patient Teaching
- Instruct Pt to take medication around the clock and to FINISH DRUG COMPLETELY as directed.
- Report signs of superinfection and allergy
- black, furry overgrowth on tongue; vaginal itching or discharge; loose or foul-smelling stools) - Pt w/ allergy to penicillin should carry ID card with this info on it
Penicillins
-Overview
- Effective against gram-positive bacteria
- Kill bacteria by disrupting cell wall
- One of the safest classes of antibiotics
Cephalosporins
-Adverse Reactions
- Anaphylaxis
- Diarrhea, N/V, hypersensitivity
- Cross-sensitivity w/ penicillins
Cephalosporins
-Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
2. Serious hypersensitivity to penicillins
Cephalosporins
-Patient Teaching
- Avoid alcohol
- Some cephalosporins cause disulfiram (Antabuse) like reaction w/ alcohol - Advise pt to report signs of superinfection and allergy
Tetracyclines
- Overview
- Some of the broadest spectrums of any antibiotic class
- Only used on a few disease because of large number of resistant bacterial strains
- BACTERIOSTATIC
Tetracyclines
- Adverse Effects
- Do not take w/ milk
- it decreases absorption of both calcium and iron by 50% - Permanent yellow-brown tooth discoloration in children
- Photosensitivity
- N/V, superinfections
Tetracyclines
-Contraindication
- Contraindicated for clients who are pregnant or lactating
- Effects on linear skeletal growth of fetus and child - Contraindicated in children less than 8 yrs of age
- permanent mottling and discoloration of teeth
Tetracyclines
- Patient Teaching
- Do not take w/ other minerals
- Avoid taking milk or other Dairy w/ tetracycline - Caution pt to use sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent photosensitivity reaction
- Advise pt’s to use non-hormonal method of contraception while on the drug
Aminoglycosides
-Overview
- narrow-spectrum drugs
- bacteriocidal
- Reserved for serious systemic infections of AEROBIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
- GENTAMICIN (GARAMYCIN)
Aminoglycosides
-Adverse Effects
- Ototoxicity
2. Nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycosides
-Contraindication
- Hypersensitivity
2. Renal Impairment (caution)
Aminoglycosides
-Patient Teaching
- Increase fluid intake to promote excretion
- Report signs of hypersensitivity
- Monitor for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Fluoroquinolone’s
-Overview
- All have activity against GRAM-NEGATIVE pathogens
- Used for infections of Respiratory system, GI and GU tracts, skin, and soft tissue
- Bacteriocidal
Fluoroquinolone’s
-Adverse Effects
- Dysrhythmias and liver failure
- Dizziness, drowsiness
- Photophobia
- TENDON RUPTURE IN CHILDREN
Fluoroquinolone’s
-Contraindications
- Hx of myasthenia gravis
2. Do not use in CHILDREN and PREGNANT and LACTATING women
Fluoroquinolone’s
-Patient Teaching
- Do not take w/ multivitamins or minerals
- can cause decrease absorption by up to 90% - May cause dizziness and drowsiness
- Caution pt’s to avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness - Sunscreen to prevent phototoxicity
Sulfonamides
-Overview
- Broad spectrum
- Used in a combination to treat UTI’s
- Bacteriostatic
- Assess Renal Function
Sulfonamides
-Primary Use
Bactrim
1. Urinary Tract Infections
Sulfonamides
-Adverse effects
- Agranulocytosis
- Thrombocytopenia
- N/V and skin rashes
- Can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Sulfonamides
-Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
- Severe renal impairment
- Pregnant women
Sulfonamides
-Patient Teaching
- Caution pt to use sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent photosensitivity reactions
- Instruct pt to notify HCP if fever, rash and diarrhea develop. Do not treat diarrhea w/out consulting HCP
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
-Primary Use
- Considered a big gun
2. Effective for MRSA infections
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
-Adverse Effects
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Red man syndrome
Anti-tuberculosis Drugs
-Primary Use/Overview
- Used to prevent disease in high-risk populations
2. 2-4 antibiotics administered concurrently
Anti-tuberculosis Drugs
-Contraindications
Clients w/ hx of:
- Alcohol abuse
- AIDS
- LIVER DISEASE
- Kidney disease
Anti-tuberculosis Drugs
-Patient Teaching
- Get baseline LIVER, EYE, and NERVE tests before starting treatment
Anti-tuberculosis Drugs
-Isoniazid
Avoid foods containing tyramine while on isoniazid
