Antibiotics (Overview)

Question 1

Pathogenicity

Answer 1

Ability of organism to cause infection

Question 2

Virulence

Answer 2

The measure of disease-producing potential

-Highly virulent pathogen can cause disease when present in small numbers

Question 3

Bacteria Classification

Answer 3

1. Basic Shape
   - Bacilli-rod
   - Cocci -sphere
   - spirilla -spiral
2. Ability to use Oxygen
   - Aerobic -w/ 02
   - Anaerobic w/out 02
3. Staining Characteristics
   - Gram positive- PURPLE
   - Gram Negative - RED/PINK

Question 4

Gram staining

Answer 4

1. Gram positive:
   - Purple
2. Gram Negative:
   - Red/Pink

Question 5

Bacteriocidal

Answer 5

Kill bacteria

Question 6

Bacteriostatic

Answer 6

Slow growth of bacteria

Question 7

Resistance to Anti-Infective Drugs

Answer 7

Penicillin has been widely prescribed and because of the amount of use, organisms have become resistant.
When organisms are continually exposed to a drug, they can adapt and gain resistance.
When anti-invectives are overly prescribed they can gain resistance

Question 8

HAI’s and resistance

Answer 8

Hospital acquired infections are often resistant

Question 9

Role of Nurse in MGMT of bacterial Infections?

Answer 9

1. Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity prior to start of therapy
2. Monitor response to therapy
   - reduced fever
   - Normal WBC
   - Improved appetite
   - Absence of symptoms such as cough

Question 10

Role of Nurse in MGMT of bacterial Infections?

Monitoring

Answer 10

1. After parenteral admin, observe closely for possible allergic reactions
2. Monitor for super-infections
   - replace natural colon flora w/ probiotic supplements

Question 11

Selecting Antibiotics

Answer 11

1. Broad spectrum antibiotics usually started before lab culture is completed
2. Narrow spectrum drug is started after culture and sensitivity test results have returned

Question 12

Multi-drug therapy

Answer 12

Use of multiple antibiotics increases risk of resistance

Question 13

Super-infection’s

Answer 13

1. Occur when too many host flora are killed by an antibiotic
   - Opportunistic organisms take advantage of suppressed system
2. S/S include:
   - Diarrhea, bladder pain, painful urination, abnormal vaginal discharge

Question 14

Anti-bacterial Therapy

-Assessment

Answer 14

1. Obtain complete health hx
   - allergies, drugs, drug interactions
2. Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity before initiating therapy
3. Perform infection-focused physical Exam
   - VS, WBC count, Sedimentation Rate

Question 15

Anti-bacterial Therapy

-Nursing Dx

Answer 15

1. Noncompliance RT therapeutic regimen

Question 16

Anti-bacterial Therapy

-Planning

Answer 16

Client will:

1. Report Side effects
   - Rash, shortness of breath, swelling, Fever, Vaginal discharge
2. COMPLETE FULL COARSE OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY and follow up care

Question 17

Anti-bacterial Therapy

-Implementation

Answer 17

1. Determine food and beverage interactions
2. Monitor IV site for signs of tissue irritation, severe pain
3. Monitor for side effects, renal function, symptoms of ototoxicity, compliance w/ antibiotic therapy

Question 18

Clients receiving Anti-tuberculosis Drugs

-Assessment

Answer 18

1. Assess kidney or liver disease

2. Assess cognitive ability to comply w/ long-term therapy

Question 19

Clients receiving Anti-tuberculosis Drugs

-Nursing Dx

Answer 19

1. Noncompliance, RT therapeutic regimen

Question 20

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Answer 20

Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines

Question 21

Antimetabolites

Answer 21

Sulfonamides

Question 22

DNA synth inhibitors

Answer 22

Fluoroquinolones

Question 23

Cell wall synth inhibitors

Answer 23

Vancomycin
Cephalosporins
Penicillins
Isoniazid