Antibiotics (Overview) Flashcards
Pathogenicity
Ability of organism to cause infection
Virulence
The measure of disease-producing potential
-Highly virulent pathogen can cause disease when present in small numbers
Bacteria Classification
- Basic Shape
- Bacilli-rod
- Cocci -sphere
- spirilla -spiral - Ability to use Oxygen
- Aerobic -w/ 02
- Anaerobic w/out 02 - Staining Characteristics
- Gram positive- PURPLE
- Gram Negative - RED/PINK
Gram staining
- Gram positive:
- Purple - Gram Negative:
- Red/Pink
Bacteriocidal
Kill bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Slow growth of bacteria
Resistance to Anti-Infective Drugs
Penicillin has been widely prescribed and because of the amount of use, organisms have become resistant.
When organisms are continually exposed to a drug, they can adapt and gain resistance.
When anti-invectives are overly prescribed they can gain resistance
HAI’s and resistance
Hospital acquired infections are often resistant
Role of Nurse in MGMT of bacterial Infections?
- Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity prior to start of therapy
- Monitor response to therapy
- reduced fever
- Normal WBC
- Improved appetite
- Absence of symptoms such as cough
Role of Nurse in MGMT of bacterial Infections?
Monitoring
- After parenteral admin, observe closely for possible allergic reactions
- Monitor for super-infections
- replace natural colon flora w/ probiotic supplements
Selecting Antibiotics
- Broad spectrum antibiotics usually started before lab culture is completed
- Narrow spectrum drug is started after culture and sensitivity test results have returned
Multi-drug therapy
Use of multiple antibiotics increases risk of resistance
Super-infection’s
- Occur when too many host flora are killed by an antibiotic
- Opportunistic organisms take advantage of suppressed system - S/S include:
- Diarrhea, bladder pain, painful urination, abnormal vaginal discharge
Anti-bacterial Therapy
-Assessment
- Obtain complete health hx
- allergies, drugs, drug interactions - Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity before initiating therapy
- Perform infection-focused physical Exam
- VS, WBC count, Sedimentation Rate
Anti-bacterial Therapy
-Nursing Dx
- Noncompliance RT therapeutic regimen
Anti-bacterial Therapy
-Planning
Client will:
- Report Side effects
- Rash, shortness of breath, swelling, Fever, Vaginal discharge - COMPLETE FULL COARSE OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY and follow up care
Anti-bacterial Therapy
-Implementation
- Determine food and beverage interactions
- Monitor IV site for signs of tissue irritation, severe pain
- Monitor for side effects, renal function, symptoms of ototoxicity, compliance w/ antibiotic therapy
Clients receiving Anti-tuberculosis Drugs
-Assessment
- Assess kidney or liver disease
2. Assess cognitive ability to comply w/ long-term therapy
Clients receiving Anti-tuberculosis Drugs
-Nursing Dx
- Noncompliance, RT therapeutic regimen
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Antimetabolites
Sulfonamides
DNA synth inhibitors
Fluoroquinolones
Cell wall synth inhibitors
Vancomycin
Cephalosporins
Penicillins
Isoniazid