autonomic nervous system

Question 1

what are characteristics of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

involuntary and unconcious movement
innervates heart, cmoothmuscle, most glands and adipose tissue

Question 2

what is characteristic of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 2

voluntary control that innervates skeletal muscle

Question 3

what is the little saying for parasympathetic?

Answer 3

rest and digest

Question 4

what are characteristics of the parasympathetic system?

Answer 4

blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rates are low
GI tracat activity is high
pupils are constricted

Question 5

what is the little saying for the sympathetic system?

Answer 5

fight or flight

Question 6

what are the characteristics of the sympathetic system?

Answer 6

Blood flow is shunted to skeletal muscle and heart
Bronchioles dilate to get more oxygen
Liver releases glucose
The GI tract and urogenital systems are inhibited

Question 7

most organs are under antagonistic control of both divisions of the ANS.
true or false?

Answer 7

true

Question 8

what is the common structure of the autonomic pathway?

Answer 8

CNS - preganglionic neuron - autonomic ganglion- postganglionic neuron - target tissue

Question 9

for the autonomic control centers what does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 9

water balance, temp and hunger

Question 10

for the autonomic control centers what does the midbrain control?

Answer 10

pupillary reflex

Question 11

for the autonomic control centers what does the pons control?

Answer 11

respiration, bladder

Question 12

for the autonomic control centers what does the medulla control?

Answer 12

respiration, cardiac, vomiting, swallowing

Question 13

for the autonomic control centers what does the spinal cord control?

Answer 13

visceral reflex

Question 14

what neurotransmitter relays the impulse to the postganglionic neuron?

Answer 14

acetylcholine

Question 15

at the target organ what does a sympathetic nerve use?

Answer 15

norepinepherine

Question 16

at the target organ what does a parasympathetic nerve use?

Answer 16

epinepherine

Question 17

what does the symnpathetic pathway originate ?

Answer 17

thoracic and lumbar spine (T1-L2)

Question 18

what are the ganglion characteristics of the sympathetic ganglia?

Answer 18

short pre
long post

Question 19

why is the adrenal medulla considered a modified sympathetic output?

Answer 19

It serves as postsynaptic sympathetic neurons. Do not have axons to reach their targets, they release transmitters into the blood which circulates the entire body. 20% norepi, 80% epi

Question 20

what cranial nerves are Salivary glands and eye smooth muscle innervated by?

Answer 20

III
VII
IX

Question 21

which nerve contains most of the parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 21

vagus (X)

Question 22

what does the sacral cord innervate?

Answer 22

pelvic organs

Question 23

where are parasympathetic ganglia located in relation to the target organ?

Answer 23

in or near

Question 24

what are the characteristics of the ganglion of the parasympathetic system?

Answer 24

long pre
short post

Question 25

why can aparsympathetic/sympathetic systems have such different responses at different places in the body?

Answer 25

Receptor subtypes are structurally related so that they all bind and respond to the same transmitter. However, they are coupled to different cellular proteins and induce different signaling cascades for dramatically different effects.

Question 26

what do andrenergic receptors bind?

Answer 26

norepinepherine and epineherine

Question 27

what do muscarinic receptors bind?

Answer 27

All effectory cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers