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Pediatric PT > Autism Spectrum Disorder > Flashcards

Autism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What does Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompass?

A

A group of developmental disabilities causing significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges

CDC defines ASDs as pervasive developmental disorders.

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2
Q

What is the incidence of ASD in the U.S. as reported by the CDC in 2023?

A

1 in 36 children

This represents an increase from the previous rate of 1 in 44 in 2018.

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3
Q

What are the two main categories defined in the DSM-5 (2013) for diagnosing ASD?

A
  • Persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction
  • Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior

The DSM-5 eliminated Asperger’s disorder and other subcategories.

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4
Q

At what ages does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend screening for ASD?

A

18 and 24 months

Screening is done using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT R).

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the evaluation for diagnosing Autism?

A
  • Evaluation by a Pediatrician
  • Cognitive Testing by a Psychologist or Neuro Developmental Specialist
  • Autism team evaluation including various specialists

The team may consist of psychologists, pediatricians, neurologists, and therapists.

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6
Q

What are some red flags for early movement in children with ASD?

A
  • Trouble doing movements in a specific order
  • Unstable walking
  • Trouble controlling posture
  • Decreased eye-hand coordination
  • Toe walking

These signs can indicate potential developmental issues.

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7
Q

What percentage of children with ASD displayed delays in motor development before 3 years?

A

62%

This statistic highlights the importance of early detection and intervention.

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8
Q

List some common repetitive movements or self-stimulatory behaviors in children with ASD.

A
  • Hand Flapping
  • Spinning in a circle
  • Rocking back and forth
  • Finger Flicking
  • Head Banging
  • Spinning Objects
  • Lining Up Toys
  • Flicking light switches on and off

These behaviors are often used by individuals with ASD for self-regulation.

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9
Q

True or False: There is a proven link between vaccines and autism.

A

False

Studies have consistently found no evidence linking vaccines to autism.

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10
Q

What are some dietary recommendations for children with ASD?

A
  • Decrease sugars
  • Gluten-free diet
  • Melatonin for sleeping

These dietary adjustments may help improve symptoms.

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11
Q

What are some common medical concerns associated with ASD?

A
  • Genetics
  • Metabolic issues
  • Reflux
  • Bowel difficulties
  • Allergies
  • Seizures

One in four children with ASD may experience seizures.

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12
Q

What is the ICF model in relation to ASD?

A

A framework for understanding health and disability, focusing on the interaction between health conditions and contextual factors

It emphasizes the role of the environment in the functioning of individuals with ASD.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT R) consists of ______ questions.

A

20

This screening tool is used to assess the likelihood of ASD in young children.

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14
Q

What is one of the aims of physical therapy (PT) interventions for children with ASD?

A

Improve endurance and work

Physical activity can significantly benefit children with ASD.

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15
Q

What types of physical activities can children with ASD participate in?

A
  • Yoga
  • Karate
  • Ice Hockey
  • Baseball
  • Basketball
  • Horseback Riding
  • Gymnastics

Engaging in these activities can promote social interaction and physical fitness.

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16
Q

What is a common cognitive behavior noted in children with ASD?

A

Does not respond to name by 6 months

This can be an early indicator of social communication challenges.

17
Q

What does the term ‘hypotonia’ refer to in the context of ASD?

A

Decreased muscle tone

It can lead to challenges in motor control and coordination.

18
Q

What are the main sensory processing issues observed in children with ASD?

A
  • Overreacting or underreacting to sights
  • Overreacting or underreacting to sounds
  • Overreacting or underreacting to textures
  • Overreacting or underreacting to tastes

Sensory processing difficulties can impact daily functioning.

19
Q

What is the significance of individualized education programs (IEPs) for children with ASD?

A

They provide tailored educational plans to meet the unique needs of children with ASD

PTs can contribute to the development and implementation of IEPs.

20
Q

What is the effect of poor motor skills on children with ASD?

A

Correlates with poor self-esteem, increased anxiety, and decreased social function

Addressing motor skills is crucial for overall well-being.

Pediatric PT (4 decks)

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