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Foundations of Medicine 1 > Autacoids Drugs > Flashcards

Autacoids Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the generic name of Diphenhydramine?

A

Benadryl and sominex

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2
Q

Which of the antihistamines is first generation?

A

diphenhydramine

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3
Q

which of the antihistamines has significant antimuscarinic activity?

A

diphenhydramine

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine?

A

H1 receptor antagonist–> reduces histamine response via H1 receptors in GI tract, blood vessels, bronchial muscle, uterus and suppresses the formation of edema, flare and pruritius

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5
Q

What are some of the adverse reactions to diphenhydramine?

A

CNS: confusion, dizziness, and sedation
Antimuscarinic: mydraiss, xerostomia, reduced bronchial secretions, tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention

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6
Q

What are the precautions of diphenhydramine?

A 
asthma
heart disease
hepatic disease (CYP2D6)
glaucoma
bladder obstruction, urinary retention
Infants
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7
Q

What are the 2nd generation antihistamines?

A

Cetrizine, fexofendine, and loratadine

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8
Q

What is the generic name of Cetrizine?

A

zyrtec

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cetrizine?

A

H1 receptor inverse agonist–> reduces histamine response via H1 receptors in GI tract, blood vessels, bronchial muscle, uterus and suppresses the formation of edema, flare and pruritius

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10
Q

What are the adverse reactions of cetrizine?

A

few adverse reactions:
CNS: sedation, fatigue
Xerostomia

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11
Q

What are the precautions of cetrizine?

A

If creatinine clearance is

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12
Q

What is the brand name of Fexofenadine?

A

allegra

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action for fexofenadine?

A

H1 receptor inverse agonist–>
reduces histamine response via H1 receptors in GI tract, blood vessels, bronchial muscle, uterus and suppresses the formation of edema, flare and pruritus

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14
Q

What are the adverse reactions to fexofenadine?

A

few adverse reactions:
GI: nausa, dyspepsia
CNS: drowsiness and sedation

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15
Q

What are the precautions for fexofenadine?

A

decrease dose in patient with decreased renal function

avoid taking with fruit juices

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16
Q

What are the brand names of loratadine?

A

Claritin and Tavist

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action for loratadine?

A

H1 receptor inverse agonist–>
reduces histamine response via H1 receptors in GI tract, blood vessels, bronchial muscle, uterus and suppresses the formation of edema, flare and pruritus

18
Q

What are the adverse reactions to loratadine?

A

few
CNS: headache and sedation
Xerostomia

19
Q

What are the precautions of loratadine?

A

Hepatic disease

if creatinine clearance is

20
Q

What is a H2 antagonist example?

A

Cimetidine

21
Q

What is Cimetidine indicated for?

A

GERD, peptic ulcer disease and intermittent dyspepsia

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action from Cimetidine?

A

Inverse agonist–> reduces the constitutive activation of H2 receptors on parietal cells

23
Q

What are the adverse reactions to Cimetidine?

A

headaches

rare blood dyscrasias

24
Q

What are the precautions for Cimetidine?

A

hepatic disease

renal insufficiency

25
Q

What are two drugs that are used to treat migraines?

A

Ergotamine

Sumatriptan

26
Q

What is the MOA of Ergotamine?

A 
Binds to many Serotonin receptors to have partial agonist or antagonist activity--. vasoconstriction of arteries and veins and decreased blood flow to extremities
AND
Oxytocic agent (activates oxytocin)
27
Q

What are the adverse reactions to Ergotamine?

A

GI: NVD, xerostomia
Ergotism: angina, asthenia, coronary vasospasm, cramps, myalgia, paresthesias, changes in HR and vasoconstriction that may result in hypothermia or tissue necrosis

28
Q

What are precautions of Ergotamine?

A 
CV
VASCULAR DISEASE: MI, STROKE
HEPATIC DISEASE
RENAL FAILURE 
PREGNANCY
29
Q

Which migraine medication is FDA category X?

A

Ergotamine

30
Q

What is Sumatriptan indicated for?

A

Acute migraines

31
Q

What is the MOA of Sumatriptan?

A

Agonist at presynaptic 5-HT1D autoreceptors and at vascular 5-HT1B receptors –> vasoconstriction

32
Q

What are the Adverse reactions to sumatriptan?

A

potentially fatal CV events
GI: NVD, vasospastic effects
Injection site burning and pain

33
Q

What are the precautions for sumatriptan?

A

CV
ISCHEMIC BOWEL DISEASE
hepatic disease
renal insufficiency

34
Q

what are the main uses of hydrocortisone?

A

anaphylaxis, asthma, COPD, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic disorders, and dermatoses

35
Q

What is the MOA of hydrocortisone?

A

represses COX-2 expression–> decreases cytokine production, decreased formation and release of inflammatory mediators, causes apoptosis for eosinophils

36
Q

What are the adverse reactions to hydrocortisone?

A

essentially none, but prolonged used may cause cataracts and exacerbate glaucoma and prolonged use will need to be tapered off

37
Q

What are the precautions of hydrocortisone?

A

ABRUPT DX OF PROLONGED SYSTEMIC THERAPY
CUSHINGS SYNDROME
pre-existing bacterial, viral and fungal infections

38
Q

What are some of the indications for Prednisone?

A

autoimmune disorders, allograft rejection, asthma, IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, etc

39
Q

What is prednisone a pro-drug for?

A

Prednisolone

40
Q

What is the MOA of prednisone?

A

represses COX-2 expression–> decreases cytokine production, decreased formation and release of inflammatory mediators, causes apoptosis for eosinophils

41
Q

What are the adverse reactions to prednisone?

A

CNS: headaches, insomnia, vertigo, depression, anxeity, euphoria, personality changes and psychosis
GI: NVD, anorexia and gastritis
Cataracts
Opportunistic infections

42
Q

What are the precautions for prednisone?

A

CUSHING’S SYNDROME
HIGH DOSES AND LONG-TERM THERAPY CAN SUPPRES HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM
preexisting bacterial, viral and fungal infections

Foundations of Medicine 1 (12 decks)

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