Autacoids Drugs Flashcards by Jenna Krueger

What is the generic name of Diphenhydramine?

Benadryl and sominex

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Which of the antihistamines is first generation?

diphenhydramine

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which of the antihistamines has significant antimuscarinic activity?

diphenhydramine

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What is the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine?

H1 receptor antagonist–> reduces histamine response via H1 receptors in GI tract, blood vessels, bronchial muscle, uterus and suppresses the formation of edema, flare and pruritius

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What are some of the adverse reactions to diphenhydramine?

CNS: confusion, dizziness, and sedation
Antimuscarinic: mydraiss, xerostomia, reduced bronchial secretions, tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention

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What are the precautions of diphenhydramine?

asthma
heart disease
hepatic disease (CYP2D6)
glaucoma
bladder obstruction, urinary retention
Infants

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What are the 2nd generation antihistamines?

Cetrizine, fexofendine, and loratadine

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What is the generic name of Cetrizine?

zyrtec

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What is the mechanism of action of cetrizine?

H1 receptor inverse agonist–> reduces histamine response via H1 receptors in GI tract, blood vessels, bronchial muscle, uterus and suppresses the formation of edema, flare and pruritius

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What are the adverse reactions of cetrizine?

few adverse reactions:
CNS: sedation, fatigue
Xerostomia

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What are the precautions of cetrizine?

If creatinine clearance is

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What is the brand name of Fexofenadine?

allegra

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What is the mechanism of action for fexofenadine?

H1 receptor inverse agonist–>
reduces histamine response via H1 receptors in GI tract, blood vessels, bronchial muscle, uterus and suppresses the formation of edema, flare and pruritus

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What are the adverse reactions to fexofenadine?

few adverse reactions:
GI: nausa, dyspepsia
CNS: drowsiness and sedation

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What are the precautions for fexofenadine?

decrease dose in patient with decreased renal function

avoid taking with fruit juices

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What are the brand names of loratadine?

Claritin and Tavist

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What is the mechanism of action for loratadine?

H1 receptor inverse agonist–>
reduces histamine response via H1 receptors in GI tract, blood vessels, bronchial muscle, uterus and suppresses the formation of edema, flare and pruritus

What are the adverse reactions to loratadine?

few
CNS: headache and sedation
Xerostomia

What are the precautions of loratadine?

Hepatic disease

if creatinine clearance is

What is a H2 antagonist example?

Cimetidine

What is Cimetidine indicated for?

GERD, peptic ulcer disease and intermittent dyspepsia

What is the mechanism of action from Cimetidine?

Inverse agonist–> reduces the constitutive activation of H2 receptors on parietal cells

What are the adverse reactions to Cimetidine?

headaches

rare blood dyscrasias

What are the precautions for Cimetidine?

hepatic disease

renal insufficiency

What are two drugs that are used to treat migraines?

Ergotamine | Sumatriptan

What is the MOA of Ergotamine?

``` Binds to many Serotonin receptors to have partial agonist or antagonist activity--. vasoconstriction of arteries and veins and decreased blood flow to extremities AND Oxytocic agent (activates oxytocin) ```

What are the adverse reactions to Ergotamine?

GI: NVD, xerostomia Ergotism: angina, asthenia, coronary vasospasm, cramps, myalgia, paresthesias, changes in HR and vasoconstriction that may result in hypothermia or tissue necrosis

What are precautions of Ergotamine?

``` CV VASCULAR DISEASE: MI, STROKE HEPATIC DISEASE RENAL FAILURE PREGNANCY ```

Which migraine medication is FDA category X?

Ergotamine

What is Sumatriptan indicated for?

Acute migraines

What is the MOA of Sumatriptan?

Agonist at presynaptic 5-HT1D autoreceptors and at vascular 5-HT1B receptors --> vasoconstriction

What are the Adverse reactions to sumatriptan?

potentially fatal CV events GI: NVD, vasospastic effects Injection site burning and pain

What are the precautions for sumatriptan?

CV ISCHEMIC BOWEL DISEASE hepatic disease renal insufficiency

what are the main uses of hydrocortisone?

anaphylaxis, asthma, COPD, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic disorders, and dermatoses

What is the MOA of hydrocortisone?

represses COX-2 expression--> decreases cytokine production, decreased formation and release of inflammatory mediators, causes apoptosis for eosinophils

What are the adverse reactions to hydrocortisone?

essentially none, but prolonged used may cause cataracts and exacerbate glaucoma and prolonged use will need to be tapered off

What are the precautions of hydrocortisone?

ABRUPT DX OF PROLONGED SYSTEMIC THERAPY CUSHINGS SYNDROME pre-existing bacterial, viral and fungal infections

What are some of the indications for Prednisone?

autoimmune disorders, allograft rejection, asthma, IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, etc

What is prednisone a pro-drug for?

Prednisolone

What is the MOA of prednisone?

represses COX-2 expression--> decreases cytokine production, decreased formation and release of inflammatory mediators, causes apoptosis for eosinophils

What are the adverse reactions to prednisone?

CNS: headaches, insomnia, vertigo, depression, anxeity, euphoria, personality changes and psychosis GI: NVD, anorexia and gastritis Cataracts Opportunistic infections

What are the precautions for prednisone?

CUSHING'S SYNDROME HIGH DOSES AND LONG-TERM THERAPY CAN SUPPRES HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM preexisting bacterial, viral and fungal infections