Autacoids Flashcards
Subgroups of 1st Generation antihistamines:
Ethanolamines
Piperazines
Phenothiazine
Alkylamines
The Ethanolamines (1stGenHis):
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Doxylamine (Unisom)
The Piperazines (1stGenHis):
Hydroxyzine (Iterax)
Meclizine (Bonamine)
1stGenHis that causes orthostatic hypotension:
Promethazine (Phenothiazine)
1stGenHis with less sedative effects:
Chlorpheniramine (Alkylamines)
Bioflu is composed of:
Chlorpheniramine
Paracetamol
Phenylephrine (anti-emetic)
Adverse effects of 1stGenHis:
1) Sedation (less with 2nd Gen)
2) Cholinergic receptor blockade
3) Alpha adrenoreceptor blockade (orthostatic hypotension
4) GIT effects
Subgroups of 2nd Generation Antihistamines:
Piperidines
Piperazines
Phthalazinone (Azelastine)
Members of 2nd Gen Piperidines:
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Loratidine
Desloratadine
Members of 2nd Gen Piperazines:
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Levocetirizine
Treatment for urticaria:
Diphenhydramine (benadryl) or loratidine
Ophthalmic solution for allergic conjunctivitis:
Azelastine
Anti motion sickness antihistamines:
Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Meclizine
Antihistamine used as anti-emetic:
Promethazine
Anti-parkinsonism anti histamine:
Diphenhydramine injection
Hypnotic antihistamines:
Doxylamine
Diphenhydramine
MOA of 5-HT Receptor Agonists (Triptans):
Activate 5 HT 1D/1B receptors on cranial arteries
Inhibit release of vasodilating peptides
Constrict cerebral blood vessels
5 HT Receptor antagonists:
Ondansetron (5-HT3)
Cyproheptadine (5HT2 & H1)
Uses of Ondansetron:
Prevent and treat nausea and emesis associated with cancer treatment
Uses of Cyproheptadine:
Anti-serotonin and anti-histamine effect
Treats cold induced urticaria
Used to stimulate uterine smooth muscle:
Ergonovine (5HT2)
Methylergonovine (5HT2)
Combined with caffeine to facilitate absorption, produces vasoconstriction to treat acute migraine:
Ergotamine (5HT2)
Dihydroergotamine (5HT2)
MOA of Misoprostol (PGE) (Cytotec):
Inhibits secretion of gastric acid
Stimulates uterine contractions
Uses of carboprost (PGF2a):
Terminate early stage pregnancy
Induce labor
Treat postpartum bleeding
Prostaglandin analog used to decrease intra-ocular pressure:
Latanoprost (PGF2a)
Bimatoprost
Travoprost
Alprostadil is used to:
Maintain the patency of ductus arteriosus after birth
Relax the corpora cavernosal smooth msucles
Ethanolamines effects are characterized by:
Marked sedation
Strong muscarinic block
Low incidence of adverse GIT effects
Piperidines effects are characterized by:
Highly selective for H1 receptors
Less anticholinergic effects
Fexofenadine is a metabolite of ___ which was known to cause:
Terfendadine; cardiac arrhythmia
2nd Gen Piperazines are characterized by their:
Minimal anticholinergic effects
5-HT Receptor Agonists:
Triptans (5HT1D/1B)
Buspirone (anxiolytic) (5HT1A)
Pricalopride (chronic constipation) (5HT4)
