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Pharmacology > Anti-Hansen Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-Hansen Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of Sulfone?

A

Inhibits folic acid synthesis

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2
Q

What is the mode of action of Sulfone?

A

Bacteriostatic (against M.leprae)

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3
Q

Sulfone: Pharmacokinetics

A

Slow but complete absorption orally
Well distributed in tissues
Enterohepatic circulation
Acetylated in the liver

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4
Q

Sulfone: Adverse Effects

A

Hematologic
GIT disturbance
CNS
Sulfone Syndrome

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5
Q

What is Sulfone Syndrome?

A

Exacerbation of Lepromatous Leprosy

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6
Q

What are the different Anti-Hansen drugs?

A

Sulfone
Dapsone
Clofazimine
Rifampicin

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7
Q

At what Dapsone dose will resistance emerge (in large M.leprae populations)?

A

Low doses

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8
Q

What is the indication for Dapsone use?

A

Intermediate and tuberculoid leprosy
Prophylaxis for household contacts of those with borderline & lepromatous-type leprosy
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (with AIDS)

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9
Q

What drug decreases Dapsone levels by increasing its plasma clearance?

A

Rifampicin

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10
Q

What is the chief secondary drug for leprosy and when is it used?

A

Clofazimine; Used for Sulfone-resistant patient

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11
Q

Clofazimine Pharmacokinetics

A

Well absorbed orally
Accumulates in tissue causing reddish discoloration of tears and conjunctiva
Very slow excretion (1/2 life = 70 days)

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12
Q

Clofazimine Adverse Effects

A

Reddish discoloration of skin
Eosinophilic enteritis
Decrease sweating
Photosensitivity

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13
Q

Why use combination therapy in leprosy?

A

Reduce development of resistance
For adequate therapy with existing resistance
Decreased duration of treatment (minimum still 2 years)

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14
Q

Standard Leprosy Chemotherapy for Paucibacillary form (Intermediate, Tuberculoid)

A

Dapsone + Rifampicin

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15
Q

Standard Leprosy Chemotherapy for Multibacillary form (lepromatous, borderline)

A

Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine (x2 years)

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16
Q

What type of lepromatous reaction is borderline and tuberculoid leprosy related to? And what type of hypersensitivity reaction is it?

A

Type I (reversal); DTH

17
Q

Type II leprosy reactions (Erythema Nodosum Leprosum) are related to?

A

Lepromatous leprosy

18
Q

What is the treatment for type I leprosy reaction?

A 
Prednisone
Clofazimine (in selective areas)
19
Q

What is the treatment for type II leprosy reactions?

A

Prednisone
Thalidomide
Clofazimine

20
Q

Other effective anti-hansenites

A 
Ofloxacin
Minocycline
Levofloxacin
Sparfloxacin
Clarithromycin

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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