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PCOL > AUTACOIDS > Flashcards

AUTACOIDS Flashcards

1
Q

secondary cell messenger

A

cAMP

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2
Q

substance that trigger allergies

A

ALLERGENS

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3
Q

low blood pressure

A

HYPOTENSION

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4
Q

swelling caused by too much water trapped in body’s tissue

A

EDEMA

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5
Q

are fatty acids that contain more than one double bond in their backbone

A

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA)

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6
Q

a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell

A

ENZYMES

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7
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

BBB

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8
Q

BBB

A

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

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9
Q

SSRIs

A

SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS

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10
Q

A compound which is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.

A

HISTAMINE

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11
Q

Histamine is synthesized by amino acid called?

A

HISTIDINE

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12
Q

Synthesized by amino acid called histidine, and stored with in the granules of mast cells found on tissues, basophill and eosinophill in blood vessels and enterochromaffin-like in the stomach lining.

A

HISTAMINE

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13
Q

Factors Mediating the Release of Histamine:

A

ALLERGY REACTIONS
PHYSICAL INJURY
IMMUNE RELEASE
DRUGS AND FOREIGN CHEMICALS
PLANT AND ANIMAL STING

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14
Q

Present on the vascular endothelial cell, smooth muscles, brain and peripheral nerve ending.

A

H1 RECEPTOR

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15
Q

Contraction of smooth muscle and neuronal actions are due to increases in Calcium Ion and activation of protein kinase C.

A

H1 RECEPTOR

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16
Q

Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle involves Ca2+ -induced formation of nitric oxide (NO).

A

H1 RECEPTOR

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17
Q

mediate contraction of bronchiolar and intestinal smooth muscle, vasodilation of small arteries and veins, increased capillary permeability and pruritus.

A

H1 RECEPTOR

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18
Q

Stimulation of Gs-coupled H2 receptors activate adenylyl cyclase and increase tissue cAMP levels. This is the mechanism by which vascular smooth muscle relaxes, and gastric acid secretion is stimulated.

A

H2 RECEPTOR

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19
Q

Inhibition of the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters involves inhibition of cAMP synthesis, opening of K+ channels to increase K + efflux, and closure of Ca2+ channels to block Ca2+ entry into the nerve.

A

H3 RECEPTOR

20
Q

These receptors are selectively expressed in mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. Activation of H4- receptors mediates histamine-induced mast cell chemotaxis and leukotriene B4 production.

A

H4 RECEPTOR

21
Q

Physiologic and Pathologic Roles of Histamine Receptors

A

GASTRIC ACID SECRETIONS

ALLERGIC REACTION AND ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

INFLAMMATION

NEUROTRANSMISSION

MICROCIRCULATION

22
Q

Respiratory smooth muscle is contracted in most species via H1- receptor

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

23
Q

• Histamine dilates arterioles, capillaries, and venules, increases cardiac contractility and heart rate by activating both H1– and H2-receptors.

• There is an increase in capillary permeability brought about by contracting the endothelial cells, which exposes the basement membrane.

A

CARDIOVASUCULAR SYSTEM

24
Q

Histamine can stimulate glandular tissues to increase secretion. A most important action of histamine is its ability to increase gastric acid and pepsin secretion from the gastric mucosa via H2-receptors

A

GRANDULAR TISSUE

25
Q

also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter molecule..

A

SEROTONIN

26
Q

It also acts as a hormone

A

SEROTONIN

27
Q

As a neurotransmitter, serotonin carries messages between nerve cells in your brain (your central nervous system) and throughout your body (your peripheral nervous system).

A

SEROTONIN

28
Q

_______ plays several roles in your body, including influencing learning, memory, happiness as well as regulating body temperature, sleep, sexual behavior and hunger.

A

SEROTONIN

29
Q

“the mood stabilizer”

A

SEROTONIN

30
Q

It is in your brain that regulates your mood. It’s often called your body’s natural “feel good” chemical.

A

SEROTONIN

31
Q

Serotonin is what called “the mood stabilizer”. Serotonin in your brain regulates your mood. It’s often called your body’s natural “feel good” chemical. When serotonin is at normal levels, you feel more focused, emotionally stable, happier and calmer. Low levels of serotonin are associated with depression. Many medications used to treat anxiety, depression and other mood disorders often target ways to increase the level of serotonin in your brain.

A

MOOD

32
Q

Serotonin levels may play a role in the density of your bones. High levels of serotonin in your gut may play a role in making bones weak, which can lead to bone breaks (fractures) and osteoporosis.

A

BONE HEALTH

33
Q

Most of your body’s serotonin is in your GI tract where it helps control your bowel function and plays a role in protecting your gut. Your gut can increase serotonin release to speed digestion to rid your body of irritating foods or toxic products. Serotonin also plays a part in reducing your appetite while eating.

A

DIGESTION

34
Q

Serotonin is released by platelets in your blood to help heal wounds. It also causes the tiniest blood vessels, arterioles, to narrow, which slows blood flow and helps clots to form. This is an important process in wound healing.

A

WOUND HEALING

35
Q

______ is triggered when serotonin is released into your gut faster than it can be digested. The chemical message is received by your brain, which you perceive as nausea. Many drugs used to reduce feelings of nausea and vomiting target specific serotonin receptors in your brain.

A

NAUSEA

36
Q

Serotonin, together with another neurotransmitter dopamine, plays a role in the quality of your sleep (how well and how long you sleep). Your brain also needs serotonin to make melatonin, a hormone that regulates your sleep-wake cycle.

A

SLEEP

37
Q

A type of signaling molecule that are derived from fatty acids such as arachidonic acid

A

EICOSANOIDS

38
Q

It is a local hormones

A

EICOSANOIDS

39
Q

a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is a precursor to the eicosanoid family of signaling molecules.

A

ARACHIDONIC ACID

40
Q

Effects of Eicosanoids:

A

INFLAMMATION
PAIN AND FEVER
BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION
BLOOD CLOTTING
IMMUNE RESPONSE
RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES

41
Q

Serotonin, together with another neurotransmitter ____, plays a role in the quality of your sleep (how well and how long you sleep)

A

DOPAMINE

42
Q

A hormone that regulates your sleep-wake cycle.

A

MELATONIN

43
Q

Are used when there is tissue damage or infections.

A

PROSTAGLANDINS

44
Q

Are used for platelet aggregation (to stop bleeding)

A

THROMBOXANES

45
Q

Are utilized during allergen attacks

A

LEUKOTRIENES

46
Q

• Well absorbed orally and can be given parenteral
• Widely distributed in body. Newer drugs penetrate brain poorly
•Metabolized in liver and excreted in urine
• Duration of action of most agents is 4-6 hrs generally

A

PHARMACOKINETICS

PCOL (5 decks)

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