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Austria Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What major river is Austria’s wine country located along? What is the major city?

A

Danube River

Vienna

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2
Q

When was Trockenbeerenauslese first produced in Austria predating Spätlese in Germany by over 200 years?

A

1526

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3
Q

Where is the most significant viticultural research institute in Austria? What was its main focus upon establishment in 1860?

A

Klosterneuburg abbey in Lower Austria

grape crossings and higher yields were its main focus

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4
Q

What Austrian is credited with the development of the wire trellising system for grapes in the 1950s?

A

Lenz Moser

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5
Q

What scandal in 1985 decimated Austria’s wine industry?

A

The “antifreeze” scandal

Diethylene glycol, a colorless, odorless, poisonous chemical was added to light wines to give them added texture. When a culpable producer tried to claim this as a wine expense on his taxes the scandal was exposed and wines tested positive for this poisonous chemical worldwide.

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6
Q

What positive came of the 1985 “antifreeze” scandal?

A

Austria responded by drafting some of the strictest wine laws in Europe and quickly refocused on quality.

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7
Q

What are the four major weinbaugebiete (wine regions) of Austria from North to South?

A

Niederösterreich
Wien (Vienna)
Burgenland
Styria

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8
Q

Which two weinbaugebiete of Austria collectively account for 90% of the country’s vineyards?

A

Niederösterreich and Burgenland

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9
Q

What is the most cultivated variety in Austria? What % of the nation’s total vineyard acreage does it account for?

A

Grüner-Veltliner

accounts for 30% of the nation’s total acreage under vine

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10
Q

Behind Gruner, what are the 6 most planted white grapes in decreasing order of acreage under vine?

A 
Welschriesling
Müller-Thurgau
Weissburgunder
Riesling
Chardonnay
Feinburgunder
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11
Q

What is the synonym for Chardonnay in Austria?

A

Morillon

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12
Q

What are the two most cultivated red grapes in Austria?

A

Zweigelt and Blaufränkisch

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13
Q

Behind Zweigelt and Blaufränkisch what are the 3 other most cultivated reds in decreasing order from most to least?

A

Blauer Portugieser

Blauburger

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14
Q

What are the crossings that produced Zweigelt and Blauburger?

A

Blaufränkisch x St Laurent = Zweigelt

Blaufränkisch x Blauer Portugieser = Blaubürger

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15
Q

Zweigelt and Blaubürger share what father?

A

Blaufränkisch

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16
Q

What percentage of Austria’s vineyards are planted to white grapes?

A

65%

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17
Q

What are the three levels of quality for Austrian wine?

A

Qualitätswein
Landwein
Wein (Tafelwein prior to 2009)

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18
Q

What is the highest level of quality for wine in Austria? What fraction of Austria’s total annual production does it account for? Where is it sourced from? Single varietal or blend? How many grapes are permitted?

A

Qualitätswein; accounts for 2/3 of Austria’s total production

Sourced from a single Weinbaugebiete or one of the 16 smaller wine regions and may be produced from one or more of 35 permitted grapes?

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19
Q

What is the Austrian equivalent of Germany’s Amtliche Prüfungsnummer (AP Number)? What does this indicate? Additionally what must be present on the cap of the bottle?

A

State Control Number (Prüfnummer)

Indicates that the wine has passed a tasting panel and chemical analysis.

Red and white banderole must be present on the capsule of approved bottles.

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20
Q

Austrian wine of Wein quality may carry a vintage date and varietal on label but what term is the exclusive term used for statement of origin?

A

Österreich

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21
Q

In regards to grapes allowed, what is permitted for the production of Austrian Landwein? How are these wines labeled in regards to geographic origin?

A

Same 35 as permitted for Qualitätswein

Geographic origin corresponds to one of the following three larger broad geographic areas: Weinland, Steierland, or Bergland

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22
Q

What are the three Weinbauregion permitted on the labels of Austrian Landwein? What areas of the country does each correspond to?

A

Weinland:
Covers Niederösterreich, Wien, and Burgenland

Steierland:
Refers to Steiermark

Bergland:
Refers to 500 ha of vineyard land scattered throughout the remainder of Austria’s mountainous countryside.

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23
Q

What is the difference between Weinbauregion and Weinbaugebiete? Name the 3 Weinbauregion and 4 Weinbaugebiete

A

Weinbauregion refers to the three broader delimited lands that are listed on Austrian Landwein. Weinland, Steierland, and Bergland.

Weinbaugebiete refers to the 4 more specific regions eligible for use on the labels of Qualitätswein (though the smaller 16 regions are used more frequently). Niederösterreich, Wien, Burgenland, and Styria are the four Weinbaugebiete.

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24
Q

All three levels of quality for Austrian wine require the same max yield. What is it? What increases for each level of quality?

A

67.5 hl/ha

min must weights increase with each level of quality.

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25
Q

Qualitätswein may be subdivided into two different categories. What are they?

A

Prädikatswein and Districtus Austriae Controllatus (DAC)

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26
Q

What does DAC stand for?

A

Districtus Austriae Controllatus

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27
Q

How does Austria’s ladder of Prädikatswein differ from Germany’s?

A

Kabinett along with Sekt (sparkling) are considered subsets of Qualitätswein rather than a Prädikat.

Additionally along with Spätlese, Auslese, and Trockenbeerenauslese the categories of Strohwein and Ausbruch are added.

The total ladder looks like the following:
Spätlese
Auslese
Beerenauslese
Eiswein
Strohwein/Schilfwein
Ausbruch
Trockenbeerenauslese
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28
Q

If a bottle of Qualitätswein in Austria is labeled by Prädikat, what is the min % of alcohol required?

A

Min 5%

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29
Q

What are the corresponding KMW values for each of the Austrian Prädikat? What are the corresponding KMW values for the two subsets of Qualitätswein that aren’t Prädikats (Kabinett and Sekt)? What is the KMW value of an Austrian basic Qualitätswein?

A

Spätlese (19 KMW)
Auslese (21 KMW)
Beerenauslese / Eiswein / Strohwein (25KMW)
Ausbruch/Trockenbeerenauslese (30KMW)

Kabinett (17 KMW)
Sekt (15 KMW)

Basic Qualitätswein (15 KMW)

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30
Q

What does KMW stand for? What is its German counterpart called?

A

Klosterneuberger Mostwage

Öchsle is the German counterpart

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31
Q

Wines of what quality level are forbidden to chaptalize and add süssreserve to the wines?

A

Qualitätswein

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32
Q

Ausbruch is a sweet wine specialty of what area known for producing most of the country’s sweet wines?

A

Rust in Neusiedlersee-Hügelland (Burgenland)

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33
Q

What three items does each DAC prescribe?

A

limited grape varietals
minimum alcohol content
stylistic choices

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34
Q

What is the largest Weinbaugebiete in Austria? What is its other name? What is the second largest Weinbaugebiete and how much smaller is it compared to the former?

A

Niederösterreich (Lower Austria)

Burgenland is the second largest but twice as small

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35
Q

What is the name of the major plain that stretches through Niederösterreich, Hungary, and many countries of the former eastern bloc? What is the main soil type of this plain?

A

Pannonian Plain

loess is the main soil type

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36
Q

What kind of climate does the Niederösterreich experience?

A

Strong continental

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37
Q

Most of the Niederösterreich’s subzones are located along the path of what river and its tributaries? What are the two exceptions?

A

Danube River

Weinviertel and Thermenregion are the exceptions.

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38
Q

What are the 8 subzones of Niederösterreich?

A 
Weinviertel
Carnuntum
Traisental
Wagram
Kremstal
Kamtal
Wachau
Thermenregion
39
Q

What is the Niederösterreich’s largest sub zone and first DAC?

A

Weinviertel

40
Q

What is the grape required for Weinviertel? What is the minimum alcohol % required for basic Weinnviertel DAC? Reserve? What style of wine is produced here?

A

Grüner-Veltliner with min alcohol of 12%, 13% for Reserve

Lighter, fresher wine due to the cooler climate.

41
Q

For basic Weinviertel DAC what characteristics must the wine show? What about for Reserve? When was Reserve category created?

A

Must show distinct peppery note and no obvious wood or botrytis tones.

Reserve wines are fuller in body and may display hints of both botrytis and wood

42
Q

What grapes are permitted for Traisental, Kamptal, and Kremstal DACs? What two categories exist for each? Describe both. What are their corresponding min abvs?

A

Grüner-Veltliner or Riesling

Classic (12%): no notes of wood or botrytis
Reserve (13%): may show notes of both

43
Q

How does Grüner-Veltliner from Kamptal, Kremstal, and Traisental differ from those produced in Weinviertel?

A

More delicate spice notes, less pungent than wines from Weinviertel

44
Q

What are the tributaries of the Danube that run through both Kremstal and Kamptal?

A

Kremstal (Krems)

Kamptal (Kamp)

45
Q

What is the main village of Kamptal? What are 3 top vineyards located in this DAC?

A

Langenlois

Heiligenstein, Lamm, and Dechant vineyards are all highly regarded

46
Q

How are single vineyard wines in Austria bottled?

A

With village first and name of vineyard. Often the village name is replaced with the word “Ried” indicating a top site.

47
Q

What is the Austrian equivalent of the German VDP? What are the production guidelines for their wines closely aligned with? What do they call top vineyard sites? What are the only grapes permitted for this status?

A

Österreichischen Traditionsweingüter, aligned closely with the DAC concept

Top vineyard sites are called Erste Lage and only Grüner-Veltliner or Riesling may be used for their production.

48
Q

What is the Austrian Erste Lage logo?

A

A “1” with OWT interlocked

49
Q

Many of Austria’s best vineyards are located in this westernmost subregion of the Niederösterreich? Between what two towns is it located?

A

Wachau

Between Melk and Krems

50
Q

What moderates the otherwise severe continental climate of the Wachau during the summer and allow the wines to retain high natural acidity?

A

Danube river and cool northern winds

51
Q

On what bank of the Danube River are the Wachau’s best? What region in Germany does it draw comparisons to? Why?

A

North bank

Compared to Mosel due to the presence of steep terraced vineyards along a river.

52
Q

What composes the main soil structure of Wachau?

A

loess combined with gföhler, or gneiss, with a proportion of alluvial sand in the lower vineyard sites near the river’s edge

53
Q

What is Gneiss called in the Wachau?

A

gföhler

54
Q

The unique climate, soil, and aspect of the Wachau’s vineyards yield what kind of wines in the pantheon of Austrian wine?

A

Austria’s most extracted, age worthy white wines

55
Q

What are the grapes permitted for Wachau DAC?

A

Grüner Veltliner or Riesling

56
Q

Instead of using the typical Prädikatswein hierarchy, producers in Wachau have developed their own categories of classification? What are the 3 and what are their corresponding KMW values and abvs?

A

Steinfeder (min 15 KMW and max 11.5% abv)
Federspiel (min 17 KMW and 11.5-12.5% abv)
Smaragd (min 19 KMW and min 12.5% abv)

57
Q

Which of the Wachau categories is the equivalent of Spätlese in Germany?

A

Smaragd

58
Q

What is the most extracted style and most likely to show inevitable tones of botrytis in the Wachu?

A

Smaragd

59
Q

What are 5 top vineyard sites in the Wachau?

A 
Achleiten
Hochrain
Loibenberg
Kellerberg
Kirchweg
Terrasen
60
Q

What are 5 top producers of Wachau?

A 
FX Pichler
Rudi Pichler
Emmerich Knoll
Prager
Domaine Wachau
61
Q

What is the Vinea Wachau? What style of winemaking does this organization champion? Who are three members?

A

an organization sworn to uphold the tenets of natural winemaking as spelled out in the Codex Wachau.

No additives (including chaptalization)
No aromatization (including the use of new barrique)
no “fractionation” (techniques such as dealcoholization)
All wines must be vilified from grapes grown in the Wachau.

Knoll, FX Pichler, and Prager are three members of the organization

62
Q

What percentage of the Wachau’s vineyards are controlled by Vinea Wachau members?

A

more than 85%

63
Q

Wagram was also known as what prior to 2007?

A

Donauland prior to 2007

64
Q

What four grapes are produced under the Wagram DAC?

A

Grüner-Veltliner
Müller-Thurgau
Zweigelt
Roter Veltliner (red grape produced as a white)

65
Q

What red grape is produced as a white wine specialty in Wagram DAC?

A

Roter Veltliner

66
Q

How does the climate of Thermenregion compare to the rest of the Niederösterreich as the name suggests? Why is it this way?

A

Much warmer as its far away from the mitigating influence of the Danube

67
Q

What are the rare white grapes that are grown in Thermenregion? What is the blend of them called?

A

Rotgipfler and Zierfandler

Called Spätrot-Rotgipfler when blended.

68
Q

Carnuntum is geared toward the production of what wines red or white? What is the main grape here?

A

Red

Zweigelt

69
Q

What is the name of the field blends popular in Carnuntum?

A

Gemischter Satz

70
Q

Burgneland is known for producing Austria’s best styles of what wine?

A

Red and sweet wines

71
Q

Burgenland borders Hungary and shares climatic similarities to what Hungarian wine region?

A

Sopron

72
Q

The hot Pannonian climate of Burgenland is tempered by the cooling influences of what lake?

A

Neusiedlersee

73
Q

What are the 5 DACs of Burgenland?

A 
Eisenberg
Leithaberg
Neusiedlersee
Rosalia
Mittelburgenland
74
Q

What two sub zone wine regions of Burgenland are no longer considered official as of 2016?

A

Neusiedlersee-Hügelland

Südburgenland

75
Q

What is the grape of Mittelburgenland? What is the abvs for Classic? Reserve? What is the other categories of classic and its abv?

A

Blaufränkisch

Classic (12.5-13%)
Classic with mention of site (13-13.5%)
Reserve (min 13%)

76
Q

What are the aging requirements and release dates for Mittelburgenland DAC Classic and Reserve?

A

Classic (not released until August 1 following year of harvest and can be aged in stainless steel or used wood)

Reserve (not released until March 1 of second year following harvest and must be aged in oak either used or new)

77
Q

What is the first DAC that allows for the production of both red and white wines? What grapes are allowed for white?

A

Leithaberg

White:
Single varietal or blends of Grüner-Veltliner, Chardonnay, Neuberger, or Weissburgunder.

Red:
min 85% Blaufränkisch plus Pinot Noir, St. Laurent, and/or Zweigelt

78
Q

What is the grape used in the production of Eisenberg DAC wines? What are the min abv for Classic and Reserve?

A

Blaufränkisch

Classic (12.5%)
Reserve (13%)

79
Q

What is Blaufränkish known as in Germany? Hungary?

A

Lemberger (Germany)

Kékfrankos (Hungary)

80
Q

What village in Neusiedlersee is home to Alois Kracher and what style of wine is he know for? What grape is considered the star of these?

A

Illmitz

eiswein, BA and TBA bottlings

Scheurebe

81
Q

What town is famous for the production of Ausbruch wines? What famous dessert wine does it draw comparisons to? Why?

A

Rust

Draws comparisons to Tokaji due to production method.

82
Q

How is Ausbruch produced?

A

grapes are harvested at a minimum of 27KMW. Richly concentrated botrytis-affected must is added to less concentrated must from fruit harvested in the same vineyard and the two are fermented together then aged in barrel prior to release

83
Q

What grapes were traditionally used for the production of Ausbruch? Which 7 are more commonly used today?

A

Furmint grapes were traditionally used but today Ausbruch is more often produced from Chardonnay, Muskateller, Pinot Blanc, Neuburger, Welschriesling, Traminer, and Pinot Gris

84
Q

Neusiedlersee DAC is reserved for what style of wines?

A

Classic and Reserve wines based on Zweigelt

85
Q

What are the 3 subregions of Steiermark/Styria? Which is DAC?

A

Südsteiermark
Vulkland Steiermark
Schilcherland DAC

86
Q

What % of Austria’s vineyards are found in Steiermark/Styria?

A

9%

87
Q

What is the most cultivated grape in Steiermark/Styria? What are the two others?

A

Welschriesling is the most cultivated followed by Weissburgunder and Sauvignon Blanc

88
Q

Who is the top producer of Sauvignon Blanc in Steiermark/Styria? How does he age his wines?

A

Manfred Tement

both in stainless steel and wood

89
Q

What style of wine is Schilcherland DAC known for? What is the main grape? What was the region formerly called?

A

Schilcher (rosé) made from Blauer Wildbacher

Formerly called Weststeiermark

90
Q

Wien is surrounded by what 4 DACs on three sides?

A

Thermenregion
Carnuntum
Weinviertel
Wagram

91
Q

What is the only capitol city in Europe to have its own wine appellation within city limits?

A

Vienna (Wien)

92
Q

What is the nouveau style wine that is made in Vienna? What is it and what is its DAC?

A

heuriger

Field blend of three varieties with one grape making up at least 50% and the other two making up a min 10%

Wiener Gemischter Setz

93
Q

What is Sturm?

A

half-fermented, sparkling grape juice

94
Q

What are the 13 DACs of Austria?

A 
Niederosterreich: (4 DAC)
Weinviertel DAC
Kamstal DAC
Kremstal DAC
Traisental DAC
Burgenland: (5 DAC)
Eisenberg DAC
Leithaberg DAC
Mittelburgenland DAC
Neusiedlersee DAC
Rosalia DAC

Steiermark: (3 DAC)
Südsteiermark DAC
Vulkanland Steiermark DAC
Westeiermark DAC

Wien:
Wiener Gemischter Satz

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