Australia Flashcards
When were vines first brought to Australia?
1788
Who owns Penfolds?
Treasury Wine Estates
Historically what hindered domestic Australian wine trade?
Strict state borders
Which two states of production was phylloxera limited to?
Victoria and New South Wales
Which region produces the most wine in Australia?
South Australia..approx 51%
Major rivers in Australia
Murray, Darling, Murrumbidgee
Up until the 1960’s what style of wine was mainly produced in Australia?
Sweet fortified wine..about 80%
Which Australian University leads the way in viticultural studies?
University of Adelaide
Is Chaptalization allowed in Australia?
No
Where is Riverland?
South Australia
Where is Riverina?
New South Wales
Who made the inaugural vintage of Penfolds Grange, when, and what was it initially called?
Max Schubert
1951
Grange Hermitage
What is a unique characteristic of Grange that makes it different than many top bottlings across the world?
It is a blend of many sites from across several states
Who makes “Hill of Grace”
Henschke, its Shiraz
Who makes “octavius”
Yalumba, Shiraz
Who makes Astralis?
Clarendon Hills
Who makes “RunRig”
Torbreck
What has been a continuing problem in some of the irrigated districts in Australia since 2009?
Continuing drought and wildfires
When was Wine Australia formed?
1981 (Australia Wine and Brandy Corp)
What does Wine Australia oversee?
Govt Authority label language defining geographical boundaries moderating exports and trade promoting product
What is the Label Integrity Program, when was it introduced, and what does it regulate?
- 1990 vintage
- requiring wines that are labeled with a variety, vintage, or region be 85% respectively.
- if wines are a blend they must be listed in order of proportion of the blend
- all componenets making up 85% the blend must be listed and no listed variety can be less than an unlisted one
Australian GI’s are…
Simply geographical. They do not limit grape varities,l yields, etc. (Think US AVA)
What is the order of delineation of Australian GI’s..Largest to smallest
State
Zone
Region or GI
Subregion
What does Wine Australia define Regions and Sub Regions as?
“single tracts of land”
comprising at least five independently owned vineyards
must be at least 5ha in size
with a minimu of 500 tons of grapes annually
***regions do not have to be in a single zone or state
When was the Zone of South East Australia authorized? What is it comprised of?
1996
Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, and South Australia and Queensland
Where were the first vines planted in Australia and when?
New South Wales, 1788
Which mountain range separates Australia’s wetter coatal areas from the more arid interior?
The Great Dividing Range, runs North to South
Years of major bush fires in Australia
2009, 2019, 2020
Which wines appear on shelves first each year, Northen or Southern hemisphere?
Southern, six months early generally.
Where is most of Australia’s production?
New South Wales, approx 1/4 of Australias wine production
- West of the great dividing range
- Riverina or the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area
- CASELLA AKA YELLOW TAIL
Who makes “Noble One”, what is it, and where is it located?
De Bortoli, Riverina New South Wales, botrytised Semillon
Where is the Hunter Valley GI located?
Lower half of the Hunter Valley Zone
What is the climate like of the Hunter Valley GI?
subtropical, one of the warmest climates in all of Australia. Has lots of humidity rain and wind
What is Semillon often referred to as in the Hunter Valley?
“Hunter Valley Riesling”
Approx how much of Hunter Valley’s output is white?
60%
Give an example of top Hunter Valley Semillon?
Tyrrell’s Vat 1
Most important red and white grapes of Hunter Valley
- Semillon
- Verdelho
- Shiraz
- Cab Sauv
What is Broke Fordwich?
a subregion of hunter valley
Where is the Canberra District?
Inland- New South Wales Zone, but split with the Australian Capital Territory
What is the climate of Canberra?
continental
What grapes is Canberra known for?
Shiraz
Name a famous producer of Canberra shiraz
Clonakilla Canberra District Shiraz— co fermented w/Viognier
What is produced in the Tumbarumba GI?
Alpine, cool climate. Sparkling wines made from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay on sunny hillsides on basalt slopes. Snowy Mountains are the major geographical feature
What is the smallest state of production on the Australian mainland?
Victoria
What is the coolest climate on the mainland?
Victoria
Where is the Port Phillip Zone?
Victoria, near Melbourne
What is the climate of the Port Phillip Zone?
Cool Maritime climate
Where is the Yarra Valley?
Victoria, The oldest wine region there
Major grapes of Yarra?
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Cab, and Shiraz often called Syrah and co-fermented with Viognier
Where is Mount Mary winery?
Yarra Valley GI
Where did Moet open Australian Domaine Chandon?
Yarra Valley GI
What are the two distinct soil types of the Yarra Valley?
- Grey brown sandy loam
- red basalt
Where is the Mornington Peninsula?
Victoria, enclosing the Port Phillip Bay
What grapes are grown in Mornington Peninsula?
Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, and Pinot Noir. Very cool and maritime here, too cool for Cab Sauv
Name the inland zones of Victoria
(Continental climate, high diurnal shifts)
North West Victoria, Central Victoria, North East Victoria
Out of the Inland Victoria zones, which is the warmest and requires irrigation?
North West Victoria
Where are Murray Darling and Swan Hill GI’s?
In the North West Victoria Zone and are shared with Victoria (Chardonnay and Shiraz..most industrial)
Where are Bendingo, Heathcote, and Goulbourn Valley GI’s, major grapes?
Central Victoria Zone–Red grapes, particularly Shiraz
What is the only place in Victoria that can boast pre-phylloxera ungrafted vines and possibly the oldest Marsanne vineyards in the world?
Goulbourn Valley, Central Victoria, A producer called Tahbilk…Shiraz from 1860
Where are Rutherglen and Glenrowan?
North East Victoria Zone
What is “Topaque”
Formerly Tokay, A sweet fortified style of wine made from Muscadelle made in Rutherglen and Glenrowan GI’s in the North East Victoria Zone
Where would you find Brown Muscat?
Rutherglen GI, made from Muscat Rouge a Petit Grains
What is the Muscat of Rutherglen Network?
A producers syndicate formed in 1995 for a voluntary four tier quality classification. Producers classify their wines on their own by taste and their inclusion is notes with an “R” on the labels.
How many zones are in the state of South East Australia?
Eight
- Far North
- Limestone Coast
- Lower Murray
- Fleurieu
- Barossa
- Mount Lofty Ranges
- The Peninsulas
- Adelaide Superzone (Barossa, Fleurieu, Mount Lofty Ranges)
What are the zones of New South Wales?
Northern Slopes Northern Rivers Hunter Valley Central Ranges Southern New South Wales South Coast Western Plains Big Rivers
What are the Zones of Victoria?
North West Victoria Western Victoria Central Victoria Port Phillip North East Victoria Gippsland
What are the Zones of Western Australia?
South West Australia Greater Perth Central Western Australia West Australian South East Coastal Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia
What are the Zones of Tasmania?
Tasmania
What are the zones of Queensland?
None…two GI’s
Granite Belt GI
South Burnett GI
Where is Coonawarra?
Limestone Coast zone of New South Wales, Maritime Climate, Best Cab Sauv
Where is terra rossa soil?
Coonawarra GI and Padthaway GI
Which GI of New South Wales produces the most white wine?
Padthaway GI
Overall what is the major output of New South Wales?
Red wines
Where is the lower murray zone?
North of the Limestone Coast in New South Wales
What is the GI of the Lower Murray Zone and what does it produce?
Riverland GI, All bulk output, it is hot and irrigated
What is the climate of the climate of Fleurieu Zone and where is it?
New South Wales, Medeterranean
Where are the following GI’s located?
Wrattonbully, Robe, Mount Benson, and Mount Gambier
Limestone Coast
What bodies of water moderate the temperatures of the Fleurieu?
Lake Alexandrina inland and the Southern Oceans Currents
In which zone is Mc Laren Vale located?
Fleurieu, state of South Australia
What are the major varieties grown in Mc Laren Vale?
Cab Sauv
Shiraz
Grenache
Mouvedre (Mataro)
Where are d’Arenberg and Clarendon Hills located?
Mc Laren Vale
Which zone is north of Fleurieu?
Mount Lofty Ranges
Which GI’s are in Mount Lofty Ranges?
Clare Valley, Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains
Where is Adelaide Hills GI and what are its subregions?
Mount Lofty Ranges…contains Piccadilly Valley and Lenswood GI (furthest South of Mount Lofty Ranges)
What grapes are grown in Adelaide Hills GI?
Chardonnay, Sauv Blanc, Pinot Noir, and sparkling
Where is Clare Valley located?
Mount Lofty Ranges Zone, South Australia
Unofficial subzones of Clare Valley?
Polish Hill River (Broken Slate), and Watervale (Limestone)
What is the Adelaide GI?
A superzone allowing blending across Barossa, Fleurieu, and Mount Lofty Ranges
Where is the Barossa Zone located?
Inland, surrounded on three sides by Mount Lofty Ranges, Contains the Barossa Valley GI. Premium Shiraz.
What are the traditional aging vessels for Barossa Shiraz?
300L American Oak Hogshead Barrels
Where is Torbreck, Peter Lehmann and Rockford located?
Barossa
Where is Eden Valley GI located?
In the Barossa Zone
What are the major grapes of Eden Valley?
Cab Sauv, Shiraz, Riesling, Chard, Viognier
Where is Yalumba, Pewsey Vale, and Henschke?
Eden Valley, Barossa Zone, South Australia
Who makes Hill of Grace?
Henschke
What is the precursor to Hill of Grace?
Mount Edelstone
Where is Margaret River GI?
State of Western Australia, South West Australia Zone
What is Western Australia’s most acclaimed GI?
Margaret River
What is produced in Margaret River GI?
Almost equal between red and white
Chard, Semillon, Sauv Blanc, Cab and Bordeaux style blends
Maritime Climate
Where is Cullen, Vasse Felix, Leeuwin Estate, and Cape Mentelle?
Margaret River GI, South West Australia Zone, State of Western Australia
What are the five subregions of the great Southern GI?
Where is it?
Mount Barker Frankland River Albany Porongurup Denmark
Western Australia
What is the hottest GI in Australia?
Swan Valley GI
What are the growing regions of Queensland?
Granite Belt and South Burnett…with Darling Downs coming up in the near future
What is Australia’s coolest wine producing region?
Tasmania
When was the first vintage of “Grange Hermitage”
1951
When did Penfold’s drop the “Hermitage” from Grange?
1990
When was the first vintage of “Hill of Grace”
1958
What year were the first Australian GI’s introduced?
1994
Is chaptalization illegal in Australia?
yes
What is the Barossa old vine charter?
a self regulated charter of old vineyards in the region.
originally developed internally by Yalumba
Four Classifications: Old Vines (35 yrs of age) Survivor Vines (70 yrs of age) Centenarian Vines (100 yrs of age) Ancestor Vines (125 years of age)
Who makes “The Command”?
Elderton Shiraz
Where is hill of grace?
Eden Valley GI, Barossa Zone, State of South Australia
In which zone is McLaren Vale?
Fleurieu Zone
Where is the Langhorne Creek GI?
North of Lake Alexandria, in the Fleurieu GI, Barossa Zone, State of South Australia
Where is Jim Barry winery?
Clare Valley, Mount Lofty Ranges Zone, State of South Australia
Who produces “John Riddoch” Cabernet?
Wynn’s Coonawarra
Name three Langton’s Exceptional Wines
Grosset Polish Hill Riesling Clarendon Hills Astralis Penfolds Grange Penfolds 707 Wynns Connawarra "John Riddoch" Cab
What are the subregions of the Adelaide Hills GI
Piccadilly and Lenswood GI’s
Where is Penfold’s historic Magill estate?
Adelaide Plains GI
