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Developments In Christian Thought > Augustines Teachings On Human Nature > Flashcards

Augustines Teachings On Human Nature Flashcards

1
Q

Cupiditas

A

Selfish love, lust

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2
Q

Cavitas

A

Generous love

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3
Q

Pre and post lapsarian

A

Before and after the fall

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4
Q

Concupiscence

A

Humanity’s inclination to sun and to be influenced by lust, desires and selfishness

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5
Q

Concordia

A

The easy, comfortable relationship of friends

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6
Q

Grace

A

God’s free undeserved love for humanity, shown by the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross

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7
Q

The fall

A

Adam and Eve chose to disobey God (Genesis 3) by eating the fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil

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8
Q

Original sin

A

Human nature is corrupt and everyone has a tendency to sin; it is inherited (all were seminally present in adam)

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9
Q

Sin

A

Disobeying the will and commands of God

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10
Q

Will

A

Part of human nature, determines choice

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11
Q

Akrasia

A

Weakness of the will

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12
Q

Summum bonum

A

Highest good

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13
Q

Humanitarian principle

A

Taking into account the interests of others - this doesn’t require Gods grace (S Pinker)

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14
Q

Pre-destination

A

The idea that God chooses and guides some people to eternal salvation

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15
Q

Pre lapsarian

A

Before the fall

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16
Q

Post lapsarian

A

After the fall

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17
Q

Pre lapsarian life

A

Adam and Eve enjoyed harmony in relationship with God

Cupiditas and Caritas were in harmony

Augustine valued Concordia

18
Q

Leaders in pre lapsarian

A

Shepherds or guides

19
Q

What happens at the fall

A

The first sin of Adam and Eve

The fall turns the God Given order seen in Eden and Cupiditas separates from Caritas

20
Q

What happens to will and love

A

Cupiditas takes control

The will is Romans 7 ‘half wounded and divided’

21
Q

Post lapsarian human nature

A

Becomes tainted and corrupt, known as original sin

Power, money cravings

22
Q

How is original sin continuing

A

Passed on via sex, every human is born in sun

Inherited disease

23
Q

Do humans still have free will?

A

Yes however the scales are faulty and evil is always more tempting - bias towards evil

24
Q

What cure is there for original sin?

A

Gods grace

25
Q

Social structure due to original sin

A

Lack of stability and corruption in all human societies

Forceful political authority otherwise sinful nature would rule

26
Q

Some would argue Augustine’s views are

A

Pessimistic

27
Q

Gods grace example

A

Jesus, gift of his son to remove the guilt and punishment from original sin

28
Q

Some would argue however that Augustine’s views are

A

Optimistic

He emphasises Gods undeserved grace, God has gone to human levels to allow salvation to be available through Jesus

29
Q

Problems with the fall, original sin

A

What if the fall was not a historical event

Genesis can be a myth and instead be a symbol, contains truths. Symbolic moment when a person first realised their situation and begins their spiritual journey

30
Q

Evolutionary critiques of the fall

A

Evolved from lower animal forms which did not have the capacity for consciousness to rebel against a God

31
Q

Dawkins critiques

A

‘What kind of ethical philosophy is it that condemns every child, even before it is born, to inherit the sin of a remote ancestor?’

32
Q

Augustine on body/soul

A

There is more to humans than just a body

33
Q

Humans can never be morally good critiques

A

Why bother trying to be good

Could god of made humans more Able to resist, questions gods omnipotence and omnibenevolence

34
Q

What did Pelagius say about human nature

A

It’s not flawed, it must be theoretically possible for people to be good

35
Q

J Rousseau on human nature

A

‘Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains’

Humans are generous and only act otherwise dependant on the situation

Break these chains by appreciating others. Human nature is naturally good

36
Q

Steven Pinker supporting Rousseau

A

Humanitarian principle. Humans get on better when taking into account the interest of others

37
Q

John Paul Satre

A

‘there is no human nature’

38
Q

Supporters of Augustine’s view of human nature

A

T Hobbes

Reinhold Niebuhr

Second Vatican Council

39
Q

T Hobbes on human nature

A

Naturally humans are animal like and selfish, using reason to cooperate makes life tolerable

40
Q

Reinhold Niebuhr

A

Inner will is defeated by egoism and self interest

41
Q

Second Vatican Council

A

Human beings being split between good and evil

Developments In Christian Thought (14 decks)

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