Attention and Perception

Question 1

Concentration

Answer 1

what you do with your intention, where you derive your attention and where you direct your attention
Processing a task deeply
Direct your energy to particular tasks
How you filter things out (choose to process something deeper)

Question 2

Focus

Answer 2

about intention, where you choose to concentrate (result of perception)
Prioritizing large and small goals, like doing everything you can to complete your degree with good grades
Focus motivates you, concentration allows you to succeed
How you choose what to filter out
The focal point of your attention

Question 3

Attention

Answer 3

the concentration of awareness on a specific phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli
Determines content of consciousness
Result of immediate experience, state of current awareness

Question 4

Voluntary attention

Answer 4

requires conscious effort, like answering questions

Question 5

Implicit volitional attention

Answer 5

single act of will is responsible for arousing attention, single response to stimuli
E.g., repeated thought that pops into your head

Question 6

Explicit volitional attention

Answer 6

attention obtained by repeated acts of will, requires conscious effort to exert attention
Requires strong will power and motivation to maintain focus
E.g., attending to a reading you don’t want to do

Question 7

Involuntary attention

Answer 7

aroused without conscious effort, e.g., bright lights, loud sounds, strong smells, nostalgia

Question 8

Divided attention

Answer 8

focus attention on multiple tasks/stimuli (e.g., digit span backward have to pay attention to numbers and pay attention to order you repeat them back)

Question 9

Visual attention span

Answer 9

short, ⅕ - 1/100 of a second, brain can only attended to 4-5 separate visual stimuli if not grouped together

Question 10

External factors that arouse attention

Answer 10

Nature (e.g., color, beauty, oddity), intensity (e.g., brightness, volume), size (bigger = more attention), contrast (i.e., change, novelty), location, definite form, movement, and isolation

Question 11

Internal factors that arouse attention

Answer 11

Interest, motives (drives), mindset (state of mind), personal experience, emotion, habits

Question 12

Span of attention

Answer 12

maximum amount of attention that can be attended in a period of time

Question 13

Sustained attention

Answer 13

focus attention on a singular task (e.g., digit span)

Question 14

Auditory attention span

Answer 14

number of auditory impressions perceived at a single instance is slightly greater than visual

Question 15

Duration of attention

Answer 15

how long an individual can attend to a stimuli without a break

Question 16

Perception

Answer 16

interpretation of what the individual takes in through the senses, process by which individuals select, organize, and interpret stimuli to inform a concept

Question 17

Illusion

Answer 17

Error in perception, false perception, perceives things differently than they are, External stimulus seen or hear, but misinterpreted
E.g., optical illusions

Question 18

Hallucinations

Answer 18

false perception or wrong perception in the absence of a stimuli

Question 19

Agnosia

Answer 19

rare disorder whereby a patient is unable to recognize and identify objects, persons, or sounds using one or more of their senses despite otherwise normal-functioning senses

Question 20

Anomia

Answer 20

naming disorder in which patients cannot name an object despite using other sensory modalities like touch and smell

Question 21

Apperceptive Agnosia

Answer 21

failure in recognition due to deficits in the early stages of perceptual processing, cannot typically draw, match, or copy objects (KNOWN DEFICIT)

Question 22

Associative Agnosia

Answer 22

Failure in recognition despite no deficit in perception, can typically draw, match, or copy objects (UNKNOWN DEFICIT)

Question 23

Visual Agnosia

Answer 23

impairment in recognizing visual presenting objects despite otherwise normal vision

Question 24

Apperceptive visual agnosia

Answer 24

abnormality in visual perception and discriminative process despite absence of visual deficits, unable to recognize objects, draw, or copy a figure

Question 25

Associative visual agnosia

Answer 25

difficulty with understanding the meaning of what patients are seeing, can draw/copy but don’t know what they’ve drawn, Unable to link perceptual stimulus to prior experience

Question 26

Prosopagnosia

Answer 26

inability to recognize faces

Question 27

Simultanagnosia

Answer 27

inability to recognize and sort out objects when they appear together, can recognize when appear alone
Unable to perceive overall meaning of picture/multiple things together, can describe isolated elements

Question 28

Dorsal Simultagnosia

Answer 28

cannot see more than one thing at a time, when attention diverted to another thing, other things disappear to them

Question 29

Ventral Simultagnosia

Answer 29

cannot identity more than one object or complex objects at one time, although can see more than one object at a time

Question 30

Color Agnosia

Answer 30

inability to identify and distinguish colors despite intact color vision

Question 31

Topographical Agnosia

Answer 31

inability to orient to surroundings because of inability to interpret spatial information

Question 32

Finger agnosia

Answer 32

difficulty in naming and differentiating among fingers

Question 33

Akinetopsia

Answer 33

inability to perceive motion

Question 34

Agnostic alexia

Answer 34

inability to recognize words visually, can still write and talk without difficulty

Question 35

Optic ataxia

Answer 35

difficulty in using visual guidance to reach for an object

Question 36

Ocular apraxia

Answer 36

difficulty in scanning a visual scene, problems with horizontal eye movement

Question 37

Auditory agnosia

Answer 37

inability to recognize sounds despite intact hearing

Question 38

Verbal Auditory Agnosia

Answer 38

Pure word deafness, inability to comprehend spoken words by can read, write, and speak normally

Question 39

Nonverbal Auditory Agnosia

Answer 39

inability to comprehend nonverbal sounds and noises, speech comprehension is spared

Question 40

Amusia

Answer 40

inability to recognize music

Question 41

Tactile agnosia

Answer 41

inability to recognize objects by touch

Question 42

Amorphognosia

Answer 42

inability to identify size and shape of objects by touch

Question 43

Ahylognosia

Answer 43

inability to identify distinctive qualities like texture and weight

Question 44

Tactile asymbolia

Answer 44

impaired recognition by touch in the absence of amorphognosia and ahylognosia