Attention and Perception Flashcards
Concentration
what you do with your intention, where you derive your attention and where you direct your attention
Processing a task deeply
Direct your energy to particular tasks
How you filter things out (choose to process something deeper)
Focus
about intention, where you choose to concentrate (result of perception)
Prioritizing large and small goals, like doing everything you can to complete your degree with good grades
Focus motivates you, concentration allows you to succeed
How you choose what to filter out
The focal point of your attention
Attention
the concentration of awareness on a specific phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli
Determines content of consciousness
Result of immediate experience, state of current awareness
Voluntary attention
requires conscious effort, like answering questions
Implicit volitional attention
single act of will is responsible for arousing attention, single response to stimuli
E.g., repeated thought that pops into your head
Explicit volitional attention
attention obtained by repeated acts of will, requires conscious effort to exert attention
Requires strong will power and motivation to maintain focus
E.g., attending to a reading you don’t want to do
Involuntary attention
aroused without conscious effort, e.g., bright lights, loud sounds, strong smells, nostalgia
Divided attention
focus attention on multiple tasks/stimuli (e.g., digit span backward have to pay attention to numbers and pay attention to order you repeat them back)
Visual attention span
short, ⅕ - 1/100 of a second, brain can only attended to 4-5 separate visual stimuli if not grouped together
External factors that arouse attention
Nature (e.g., color, beauty, oddity), intensity (e.g., brightness, volume), size (bigger = more attention), contrast (i.e., change, novelty), location, definite form, movement, and isolation
Internal factors that arouse attention
Interest, motives (drives), mindset (state of mind), personal experience, emotion, habits
Span of attention
maximum amount of attention that can be attended in a period of time
Sustained attention
focus attention on a singular task (e.g., digit span)
Auditory attention span
number of auditory impressions perceived at a single instance is slightly greater than visual
Duration of attention
how long an individual can attend to a stimuli without a break
Perception
interpretation of what the individual takes in through the senses, process by which individuals select, organize, and interpret stimuli to inform a concept
Illusion
Error in perception, false perception, perceives things differently than they are, External stimulus seen or hear, but misinterpreted
E.g., optical illusions
Hallucinations
false perception or wrong perception in the absence of a stimuli
Agnosia
rare disorder whereby a patient is unable to recognize and identify objects, persons, or sounds using one or more of their senses despite otherwise normal-functioning senses
Anomia
naming disorder in which patients cannot name an object despite using other sensory modalities like touch and smell
Apperceptive Agnosia
failure in recognition due to deficits in the early stages of perceptual processing, cannot typically draw, match, or copy objects (KNOWN DEFICIT)
Associative Agnosia
Failure in recognition despite no deficit in perception, can typically draw, match, or copy objects (UNKNOWN DEFICIT)
Visual Agnosia
impairment in recognizing visual presenting objects despite otherwise normal vision
Apperceptive visual agnosia
abnormality in visual perception and discriminative process despite absence of visual deficits, unable to recognize objects, draw, or copy a figure
Associative visual agnosia
difficulty with understanding the meaning of what patients are seeing, can draw/copy but don’t know what they’ve drawn, Unable to link perceptual stimulus to prior experience
Prosopagnosia
inability to recognize faces
Simultanagnosia
inability to recognize and sort out objects when they appear together, can recognize when appear alone
Unable to perceive overall meaning of picture/multiple things together, can describe isolated elements
Dorsal Simultagnosia
cannot see more than one thing at a time, when attention diverted to another thing, other things disappear to them
Ventral Simultagnosia
cannot identity more than one object or complex objects at one time, although can see more than one object at a time
Color Agnosia
inability to identify and distinguish colors despite intact color vision
Topographical Agnosia
inability to orient to surroundings because of inability to interpret spatial information
Finger agnosia
difficulty in naming and differentiating among fingers
Akinetopsia
inability to perceive motion
Agnostic alexia
inability to recognize words visually, can still write and talk without difficulty
Optic ataxia
difficulty in using visual guidance to reach for an object
Ocular apraxia
difficulty in scanning a visual scene, problems with horizontal eye movement
Auditory agnosia
inability to recognize sounds despite intact hearing
Verbal Auditory Agnosia
Pure word deafness, inability to comprehend spoken words by can read, write, and speak normally
Nonverbal Auditory Agnosia
inability to comprehend nonverbal sounds and noises, speech comprehension is spared
Amusia
inability to recognize music
Tactile agnosia
inability to recognize objects by touch
Amorphognosia
inability to identify size and shape of objects by touch
Ahylognosia
inability to identify distinctive qualities like texture and weight
Tactile asymbolia
impaired recognition by touch in the absence of amorphognosia and ahylognosia
