Attention and Memory Week 10 Flashcards
sensory interaction
The working together of different senses to create experience
synethesia
An experience in which one sensation (e.g., hearing a sound) creates experiences in another (e.g., vision).
selective attention
The ability to select certain stimuli in the environment to process, while ignoring distracting information.
cocktail party phenomenonon
The experience of being at a party and talking to someone in one part of the room, when suddenly you hear your name being mentioned by someone in another part of the room
sensory adaptation
Decrease in sensitivity of a receptor to a stimulus after constant stimulation.
- cold swimming pool stops feeling cold
habituation
loud traffic outside apartment not noticeable
saccades
Quick, simultaneous movements of the eyes
perceptual consistancy
The ability to perceive a stimulus as constant despite changes in sensation
illusions
Occur when the perceptual processes that normally help us correctly perceive the world around us are fooled by a particular situation so that we see something that does not exist or that is incorrect.
Mueller-Lyer illusion
The line segment in the bottom arrow looks longer to us than the one on the top, even though they are both actually the same length
moon illusion
The fact that the moon is perceived to be about 50% larger when it is near the horizon than when it is seen overhead, despite the fact that in both cases the moon is the same size and casts the same size retinal image
Ponzo illusion
length of yellow lines on rail road
embodied
Built into and linked with our cognition
Human factors field
field of psychology that uses psychological knowledge, including the principles of sensation and perception, to improve the development of technology.
Describe how sensation and perception work together through sensory interaction, selective attention, sensory adaptation, and perceptual constancy.
Give examples of how our expectations may influence our perception, resulting in illusions and potentially inaccurate judgments.
William James attention
the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others.
limited capacity
The notion that humans have limited mental resources that can be used at a given time.
divided attention
The ability to flexibly allocate attentional resources between two or more concurrent tasks.
selective attention
The ability to select certain stimuli in the environment to process, while ignoring distracting information.
dichotic listening
An experimental task in which two messages are presented to different ears.
shadowing
A task in which the individual is asked to repeat an auditory message as it is presented.
Broadbent’s 1958 Filter Model
He found that people select information on the basis of physical features: the sensory channel (or ear) that a message was coming in, the pitch of the voice, the color or font of a visual message.
Treisman’s Attenuation Model
you tend to hear meaningful information even when you aren’t paying attention to it, suggest that we do monitor the unattended information to some degree on the basis of its meaning.