ATTENTION!

Question 1

What does the cocktail party effect demonstrate?

Answer 1

Unattended info can get through an attenuated filter

Question 2

A valid endogenous cue will correctly orient attention to the ___________ location

Answer 2

Target

Question 3

Inhibition of return…

Answer 3

Facilitates attention switching away from a recently cued location

Question 4

The _______ and latency of successive ERP peaks can be used to measure the _________ of cognitive processing

Answer 4

amplitude/ time - course

Question 5

What task can assess whether global information interferes with local information?

Answer 5

Navon

Question 6

Not noticing the Gorilla in the study by Simons & Chabris (1999) is an example of …..

Answer 6

Inattentional blindness

Question 7

The cocktail party effect is support for which model of attention?

Answer 7

Triesmans filter model

Question 8

Being slower to respond to a target at a cued location after a delay is called …

Answer 8

Inhibition of return

Question 9

What technique would be most reliable for assessing whether a fixation cross has been attended before the start of a trial in a cognitive psychology experiment ?

Answer 9

Eye tracking

Question 10

What will improve the signal-to-noise ratio when assessing attention using ERPs?

Answer 10

Calculate the average ERP signal across multiple trials

Question 11

What is inatenttional blindness?

Answer 11

Lack of attention that isn’t associated with any visual deficits
e.g. Gorilla, looking is not seeing

Question 12

What is an endogenous cue?

Answer 12

= part of Posner cueing paradigm
= a symbolic cue that directs attention to a different location in the visual array to the location of the cue
e.g. start fixation on left, then a cue (arrow pointing right), then presentation of stimulus (star on right)
THUS can say that arrow is a valid cue for where the stimulus will appear
e.g. centrally located arrow that points to the right and therefore directs attention to the right hand side of the visual array

Question 13

What is an exogenous cue?

Answer 13

= part of Posner cueing paradigm
= a cue that appears at a location in the visual array that causes attention to be directed to that location.
e.g. a flash appearing in the periphery of our visual field that then causes us to attend to the location of the flash

Question 14

Explain how attention can thought of as an information filter?

Answer 14

• infinite amount of things we could be attending to, so selectively filter and attend to whats relevant
  e.g. Broadbent (1958) first to explain
  then Treismans = built and further developed

Question 15

What supports Treismans attenuation theory of attention?

Answer 15

The Cocktail Party Effect

= Unattended info can get through an attenuated filter

Question 16

What type of attention do endogenous and exogenous cues relate to ?

Answer 16

Spatial attention

Question 17

What is SOA?

Answer 17

Stimulus onset asynchrony

= time between onset of first stimulus and onset of second stimulus

Question 18

What is ISI?

Answer 18

Inter-stimulus interval

= the time between offset of first stimulus and onset of second stimulus

Question 19

What is inhibition of return?

Answer 19

mechanism of attention which helps to facilitate attention switching (mechanism of attention that helps us search our visual environments)

Question 20

What is the Posner Cueing Paradigm?

Answer 20

= endogenous and exogenous cues
= measure manual eye movement reaction times to target stimuli in order to investigate the effects of covert orienting of attention in response to different cue conditions

Question 21

What is the Navon task?

Answer 21

Can assess whether global information interferes with local information
= when there is a conflict of info
e.g big h made of small s’s, and say s then local info is interfering with global info
- this shows that our spotlight of attention can widen or narrow depending on the task that we are doing

Question 22

What is feature- based attention?

Answer 22

Integration/ conflict of stimulus features

e.g. the Stroop Task

Question 23

What is the Stroop Task?

Answer 23

Where you find a letter or a certain coloured letter in a collection of letters

• parallel search= searching whole area simultaneously, answer usually pops out
• conjunctive search= serial search, needing to look through and taking sig longer
• measure= accuracy and reaction time

Question 24

How does eye tracking investigate attention regarding endogenous and exogenous cues?

Answer 24

• Endogenous cue data= faster to spot the location of cues if the central cue is valid
  Happens at a stimulus onset aasynrinies between 50ms-1s = centrally cue can help cue our attention
• Exogenous cue data=when small SOA, valid cues makes quicker to spot what was at location
  long SOA= slower at spotting what is in the validly cued locations = called inhibition of return