Attention

Question 1

Goal of attention

Answer 1

To reduce computational complexity and internal error by limiting the amount of information considered to just the information that will usefully guide decisions and behavior

Question 2

Goal-directed attention

Answer 2

Allocation of processing resources in response to goals

Question 3

Stimulus-driven attention

Answer 3

Allocation of processing resources in response to salient stimulus

Question 4

Filter Theory

Answer 4

Broadbent (1958). Select process based on physical characteristics, not semantics. Early selection. Can choose between filter through physical ear or semantic content

Question 5

Attenuation Theory

Answer 5

Treisman (1964). Modification of filter theory. Certain messaged would be weakened but not filtered out entirely on the basis of physical properties. Late-selection. Semantic criterion applied to all messages regardless of attenuation. Selection possible after message attenuated, but more difficult. Target words ignored more when not attenuated (support)

Question 6

Binding Problem

Answer 6

How does brain put together various features in visual field

Question 7

Feature-integration theory.

Answer 7

People must focus on stimulus before they can synthesize features into pattern. Increase distractors increase RT

Question 8

Illusory conjunctions

Answer 8

Different color letters mixed up when unattended. Combine features into accurate perception only when attention focused on object

Question 9

Object-based attention vs Space-based attention

Answer 9

Focus attention on particular objects rather than regions of space. Easier to attend to object than location with two objects occluding each other and comparing if ends same

Question 10

Stroop Effect

Answer 10

Strong tendency for words to be recognized automatically