Attention Flashcards
What is selective attention?
Selection of specific sensory stimuli or internal thoughts for enhanced processing and analysis
What does selective attention lead to?
Reduced processing of competing stimuli, since cognitive resources are limited. >Perceptual load
How is the Attentional bottleneck created?
Early selection model: Block unattended information immediately and prevent perceptual analysis
Late selection model: Block unattendeed information after perceptual analysis, the information remains available
Modes of selective attention
Endogenous attention: top down or voluntary attention. Is internally generated by the cognitive system. Triggered through cues.
Exogenous attention: Bottom up, is generated by the sensory systems. Involuntary attention due to task irrelevant cues
What is the posner paradigm?
A person is asked to look at a specific spot. After a short time a cue(Arrow etc.) that leads to the spot of attention will be presented(valid). The cue can also be misleading (invalid).
Exogenous: if the cue is not important but bright and shiny it will catch the attention of the proband, but he will propably not take it as a cue
What is “Inhibition of Return” ?
Beobachtete ein Proband ein Objekt an einem bestimmten Ort genauer dann ist es sehr unwahrscheinlich, dass er nach einem Fokuswechsel erneut dort wieder hinschaut, sondern stattdessen weitere nicht betrachtete Bereiche anschaut.
What are the structures involved in attention?
Frontal Eye Field (FEF) responds to cues and controls gaze in accordance to cognitive goals (Top down)
Temporoparietal junction (TPJ) shifts attention to new locations in response to novel sensory stimuli (bottom up)
What problems in attention can be created through brain damage?
Hemispatial neglect: dmg to inferior parietal cortex -> ignoring one half of reality)
Somatoparahprenia: Denial of ownership of a limb or side of body
