attachment ppq

Question 1

institutionalisation

Answer 1

the effects of growing up in an institution such as childrens homes or orphanages for continuous periods of time + very little emotional care provided`

Question 2

effects on institutionalisation

Answer 2

disinhibited attachment- such children equally friendly to ppl they know+strangers adaption due to multiple caregivers

damage to intellectual develop- signs of intellectual disabilities low iq quasi aut

lack of iwm

Question 3

RUTTER english + romanian adoptee study PROCEDURE

Answer 3

followed 165 romanian orphans who experienced poor conditions before adoption in UK
longitudinal study aimed to test the extent to which good care can make up for poor early experiences in inst
physical cog emot development assessed at 4,6,11,15,22-25
Control group 52 adopted UK

Question 4

RUTTER FINDINGS

Answer 4

1/2 orphans showed intel delay when they came to UK
at 11 recovery rates were related to their age at adoption
the earlier adopt, higher IQ
before 6 months; mean IQ 102
after 2 yrs; 77

disinhibited attach related to age of adoption
apparent in children adopted after 6m ,clinginess attention seeking+indiscriminate affection to strangers
rare in child before 6m

Question 5

RUTTER CONCLUSION

Answer 5

FINDINGS SUPPORT BOWLBYS VIEW THAT THERES A SENSITIBE PERIOD IN DEVELOP OF ATTACH
FAILURE TO FORM BEFORE 6M LONG LASTING EFFECTS

Question 6

ZEENAH SUPPORT FOR EFFECTS OF INST

Answer 6

used strange sitch to asses attachment in rom orphans who spent more life in inst comp to control no time in inst

inst less likely to be securly attached 17% comp to 74% control

44% of inst disinhibited attach
research suggests spending time in inst care leads to experiencing less secure+ healthy attahcment types

Question 7

romanian studies real world app

Answer 7

led to improvemtn in way children r cared for in institutions
childresn homes now avoid having large numbers of caregivers for each child
means children inc are have a chance to develop nirmal attach+disinhibited avoided

Question 8

institutionalisation studies low internal validity

Answer 8

romanian orphan studies cofounding variablesbc quality of care was so poor making it hard to separate effects of instit care from those of poor inst care

Question 9

long term effects unclear

Answer 9

too soon to say whether certain children suffered permanent effects bc we only have data on their development as far as early 20s
studies not yet yielded their most imp findings some children may ‘catch u’

Question 10

ainsowrth

Answer 10

devised controlled obs called strange sitch to assess quality of attach between child n caregiver
involved placing a child n caregiver in a novel env w mild stress
two way mirror thru which psych cld observe the infant beh

Question 11

seven episodes of strange situation

Answer 11

1. child encouraged to explore
2. stranger enters speaks to cg n approaches child
3. cg leaves child w stranger
   4.cg returns stranger leaves
4. cg leaves child alone
5. stranger enters
   7.cg reunited w child stranger leaves

Question 12

purpose of strange sitch

Answer 12

to assess four key beh
exploration beh
stranger anxiety
separation protest
reunion beh

Question 13

SS findings

Answer 13

identified 3 main types of attachment;

secure-type B(60-75%)
happy to explore seeks proximity to cg
moderate sep anx+str anx accepts comfort on reunion

insec av- A (20-25%)
explores freely doesnt seek proximity little sep n str anx
avoids contact at reunion

resistant- C- 3%
explores less seeks greater prox
resists comfort

Question 14

MAIN AND SOLOMON

Answer 14

analysed several hundred videotapes of SS suggested ains overlooked a 4th type
some infants showed inconsistent patterns of beh termed type D insecure disorganised
ffurther supported by ljzendoorn who found 15% of infants were in fact type D