ADDICTION Flashcards
role of nic in addiction
nic has am effect on dopamine pathways in the brain
when nic enters the brain binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptos on neurons in the VTA
projects their termination to nucleus accumbens
neuron trigger release dop in nuc accum pleasure
boosts activity pre frontal
karcher n fin
adolescents 8x more likely if peers smoke
theory of planned behaviour
states individuals behaviour can be predicted by their intention to perform it. determined by 3 factors
attitudes towards beh-shaped by beliefs abt outcome,pos or neg
subjective norms- expectations of social conseq of beh
perceived beh control
limitation of theory of planned behaviour
there is no room for less logical emotional factors that affect beh
three components been criticised for being conceptually vague n difficult to measure reliably
although can predict beh intentions poor at predicting actual beh change
behavioural interventions
based on the assumption that addictive beh is learnt and can b modified by changing the consequencees
aversion the, covert sensitisatio which are both based on the principles of CC
AVERSION THERAPY
involves creating a real unpleasant association.
alc addiction - client given drug such as disulfiram (UCS) which causes person drinking alc severe nausea (UCR)
thru association disulfiram + alc become CS producing expectation of nausea CR
GAMBLING AVERSION THERAPY
electric shocks used to associate gambling with pain
electric sho used to countercondition beh addictions such as gambling
gambler selects phrases that relate to gambling + others that do not
read out each phrase n whenever gambling rel phrase (NS and the CS) they receive two shocks
COVERT SENSITISATION
in vitro aversion
unpleasant stim imagined
nic associated w imaged vomitting
assocition formed shld reduce smoking beh
client can imagine being forced to smoke a cig covered in feaces
research support for covert sensitisation
MCCONAGHY
compared gamblers who received covert to gamb who received shocks
90% covert gambled less after 1 year
shocks 30%
Limit of comparison studies
often make comp w other behavioural therapys
addiction has many non learning causes
benefits may be overexaggerated bc not compared w other types of therapy
cognitive biases
play important role in their distorted view of expectancy-rickwood
faulty perceptions
gamblers fall- believe losses cant last , due for a win
near miss- belief that an unsuccessful outcome eg 2/3 wins not a loss jus near win encouraged to keep playing
illusion of control- superstitious rituals which to gambler aid performance
based on skill, bad luck if lose
griffiiths
regular gamblers 12% more irrational verbilisations than non regular
ao3 prochaskas six stage model
real world applications in terms of identifying stages of addiction
intervention therapies can be tailored according to which stage indiv is. treatment more effective in reducing addiction
ao3 prochaska
difficult to identify whic stage an indiv is in due to the fact they may overlap between diff stages
time periods allow for subjective interpretation = low validity
